Sports Nutrition Needs for Child and Adolescent Athletes

As the number of child and adolescent athletes continues to increase each year, more children are being exposed to greater training volumes and increasing physical demands—making the need for nutritional and recovery guidance increasingly important. While massive amounts of empirical research are published each year on responses and adaptations to exercise and nutrition, a relative lack of this data is focused on children and adolescents.Filling this need, Sports Nutrition Needs for Child and Adolescent Athletes explores the optimal sports nutrition needs for the child and adolescent athlete in three, detailed sections. The first section—Nutritional Foundation—supplies a comprehensive look at topics that relate to nearly every athlete. It focuses on the need for optimal nutrition in youth athlete populations, highlighting energy, body composition, hydration, and both macro- and micro-nutrient requirements.The second section—Special Considerations in Child and Adolescent Athletes—focuses on topics that are more specific. This section includes coverage of the impact of common recreational drugs on exercise performance, steroid use in youth and associated dangers, key elements of working with diabetic and other clinically relevant populations, as well as discussions that relate to overweight and weight-conscious athletes, respectively.The final section—A Hands-On Approach—reviews nutritional programs for both child and adolescent athletes. It uses an easy-to-understand approach to discuss and apply situations that can challenge athletes, their parents, and coaches by making sure young athletes are well fueled and recovered for all sporting situations.For the purposes of the research presented in this book, a child athlete is defined as an athlete between the ages of 7 and 12 years while an adolescent athlete is defined as an athlete 13–17 years of age.

SECTION I: NUTRITIONAL FOUNDATIONSport Nutrition and YouthElizabeth Fox and Chad M. KerksickEnergy Needs and Body Composition ConsiderationsAnn L. Gibson and Michelle Kulovitz AlencarCarbohydrate Needs of the Young AthleteJulia K. Zakrzewski and Keith TolfreyProtein Needs of Young AthletesKurt A. Escobar, Trisha A. McLain, and Chad KerksickFat NeedsTrisha A. McLain and Carole A. ConnVitamin and Mineral NeedsBrad Schoenfeld and Alan AragonThe Importance of Proper Fluid and HydrationGabriela Tomedi Leites and Flavia MeyerSECTION II: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT ATHLETESEffects of Caffeine, Nicotine, Alcohol, and Marijuana on Exercise PerformanceDominik H. Pesta, Siddhartha S. Angadi, Martin Burtscher, and Christian K. RobertsDrugs, Steroids, and YouthAndrew Jagim and Jonathan MikeClinical Considerations for the Child and Adolescent AthleteJessika Brown, Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez, Carole A. Conn, and Christine MermierNutrition and the Overweight AthleteElizabeth FoxNutrition and the Weight-Conscious AthleteRoger A. Vaughan and Christine M. MermierDietary Supplement Considerations for the Young AthletePaul E. LuebbersExercise Prescription and Strength and Conditioning ConsiderationsAdriana Coletta, Kyle Levers, Elfego Galvan, and Richard B. KreiderSECTION III: A HANDS-ON, PRACTICAL APPROACHHow to Fuel Your DayJennifer McDaniel and Elizabeth FoxHow to Fuel Your Workouts and GamesJennifer McDaniel and Elizabeth FoxIndex

Chad M. Kerksick PhD is currently an assistant professor of exercise science in the Exercise Science department in the School of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Sciences at Lindenwood University. Dr. Kerksick’s primary research interests include sports nutrition as well as the biochemical, cellular, and molecular adaptations relative to various forms of exercise and nutrition interventions, primarily those that promote muscle hypertrophy and prevent muscle atrophy in healthy as well as clinical populations. Elizabeth Fox earned her master’s in nutrition and physical performance at Saint Louis University. She is a registered dietitian and a board-certified specialist in sports dietetics (CSSD). She currently works as the assistant director of sports nutrition for the University Athletic Association at the University of Florida. Fox is active as a writer of nutrition and sports nutrition and continues to collaborate with colleagues on topics related to sports nutrition and human performance.