Solar Flare Loops: Observations and Interpretations

This book provides results of analysis of typical solar events, statistical analysis, the diagnostics of energetic electrons and magnetic field, as well as the global behavior of solar flaring loops such as their contraction and expansion. It pays particular attention to analyzing solar flare loops with microwave, hard X-ray, optical and EUV emissions, as well as the theories of their radiation, and electron acceleration/transport. The results concerning influence of the pitch-angle anisotropy of non-thermal electrons on their microwave and hard X-ray emissions, new spectral behaviors in X-ray and microwave bands, and results related to the contraction of flaring loops, are widely discussed in the literature of solar physics. The book is useful for graduate students and researchers in solar and space physics.

Introduction;

Chap1 Theory of microwave emissions of solar flaring loops

1.1 Observational characteristics of microwave emissions

1.2 Gyro-synchrotron emission

<1.3 Electron pitch-angle anisotropy

1.4 Propagation of electrons and its effect on gyro-synchrotron emission

1.5 Effects of other parameters on gyro-synchrotron emission

Chap 2 Observations and explanations of microwave emissions in solar flaring loops

2.1 Studies on spatially unresolvable observations

2.2 Distribution of brightness of microwave emissions

2.3 Statistical studies on the microwave brightness distributions

2.4 Spectral properties of microwave emissions

2.5 Distribution and evolution of radio polarization

Chap 3 Theories of X-ray emissions in solar flaring loops

3.1 Thick-target and thin-target models

3.2 Propagation of electro

3.3 Spatial distribution of X-ray Brightness

Chap 4 Observations and explanations of X-ray emissions in flaring loops

4.1 Overview

4.2 Distribution of hard X-ray brightness: loop top and feet

4.3 Spectral index of hard X-ray emissions: loop top and feet

4.4 A new pattern of hard X-ray spectral evolution

4.5 Evolution of hard X-ray spectra in dependence of energies

4.6 Evolution of hard X-ray spectra in dependence of locations

4.7 Asymmetry of X-ray brightness in flaring loop feet

Chap 5 Diagnostics of flaring parameters

5.1 Overview

5.2 Diagnosis of coronal magnetic field and non-thermal electron density

5.3 Diagnosis of low-energy cutoff and spectral index of non-thermal electrons

5.4 Diagnosis of pitch-angle of non-thermal electrons

5.5 E

5.6 Diagnosis of acceleration site and pitch-angle distribution of accelerated electrons

5.7 Inversion of non-thermal electron spectral index

5.8 Diagnosis of chromosphere

Chap 6 Global behaviors and dynamics of flaring loops

6.1 Global behaviors revealed by observations at multi-wavebands

6.2 Failed eruption of filaments

6.3 Pulsation and oscillation of flaring loops

6.4 Relation of Repetition rate and burst flux in quasi-periodic pulsations

6.5 Motion of X-ray sources along flaring loops

6.6 Interaction of flaring loops

6.7 Chromosphere evaporation

Guangli Huang got his PhD in purple Mountain Observatory (PMO). He has been working on solar radio and plasma astrophysics since 1985. He was the leading scientist of research group of solar activities in PMO during 1999-2010, the pre-doctorial fellowship of Smithsonian Institute of USA, the post-doctor of K.C. Wang and CNRS in France, and the Visiting Professor of MEXT in Japan. He won the second class prize of natural science of CAS and first class prize of science and technology of Beijing.

Victor F. Melnikov got his PhD and Doctor of Science in Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. He is now working on solar flare physics and radio diagnosis of solar activities, as the principal scientist in Pulkovo Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences. He was the Council member of CESRA and Solar Physics Division of EPS in 2007-2014, actively cooperated with American, Brazilian, Chinese, European, and Japanese colleagues.

Haisheng Ji got his PhD in Purple Mountain Observatory (2000) and was a post-doctor at Big Bear Solar Observatory during 2001-2004. He works in flare physics at optical and X-ray bands, as the leading scientist of research group of solar activities from 2011.

Zongjun Ning got his PhD from Physics department in Fudan University. He is now working on solar radio, X-ray, and EUV data, as the research professor in Purple Mountain Observatory. He was a post-doctor in Max Planck Institute of Germany.