Second Rank Cities in Europe Structural Dynamics and Growth Potential

Second-rank cities are back on the academic scene, capturing the interest of scholars with their unexpected recent performance with respect to first-rank cities. Looking at the data on average urban GDP growth in 139 European cities since 1996, the relatively strong position of large cities (over 1.5 million inhabitants) on national growth coincides with the periods of fastest expansion, while at times of slowdown second-rank cities prevail. Especially in the recent period of economic downturn, second-rank cities have recorded annual GDP growth rates much less negative than those of capital cities; and in some European countries, like Austria and Germany, all cities have outperformed their capitals. In explaining this phenomenon, linking urban dynamics to agglomeration theories seems the most interesting approach. However, merely to link agglomeration economies to urban size in order to interpret urban performance is neither convincing nor sufficient, and it calls for additional investigation into how agglomeration economies work. This volume claims that interpretation of the current dynamics in European urban systems – especially in the western part of Europe – would benefit from exploitation of the traditional concept of agglomeration economies. However, necessary for this purpose are more in-depth considerations on the nature, scope, intensity, and causes of agglomeration economies which do not relate their existence solely to urban size. And this is where the main challenge for scholars lies, in the interpretation of the missing link between agglomeration economies and urban dynamics. This book was originally published as a special issue of European Planning Studies.

Introduction: Second-Rank City Dynamics: Theoretical Interpretations Behind Their Growth Potentials Roberto Camagni and Roberta Capello 1. City Size and Economic Performance: Is Bigger Better, Small More Beautiful or Middling Marvellous? Michael Parkinson, Richard Meegan and Jay Karecha 2. The Rise of Second-Rank Cities: What Role for Agglomeration Economies? Roberto Camagni, Roberta Capello and Andrea Caragliu 3. Borrowed Size, Agglomeration Shadows and Cultural Amenities in North-West Europe Martijn J. Burger, Evert J. Meijers, Marloes M. Hoogerbrugge and Jaume Masip Tresserra 4. Related Variety and Regional Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of European Urban Regions Frank van Oort, Stefan de Geus and Teodora Dogaru 5. Assessing Polycentric Urban Systems in the OECD: Country, Regional and Metropolitan Perspectives Monica Brezzi and Paolo Veneri 6. First- and Second-Tier Cities in Regional Agglomeration Models Chiara Agnoletti, Chiara Bocci, Sabrina Iommi, Patrizia Lattarulo and Donatella Marinari 7. Polycentric Metropolitan Development: From Structural Assessment to Processual Dimensions Rudolf Giffinger and Johannes Suitner

Roberto Camagni is Professor of Urban Economics at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy. He is a Past-President of the European Regional Science Association, and of GREMI . He is the author of many scientific papers, and a textbook in Urban Economics, published in Italian, French, and Spanish. Roberta Capello is a Professor in Regional Economics at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy. She is a Past-President of the Regional Science Association International . She is the editor in chief of Papers in Regional Science, and of the Italian Journal of Regional Science. She is the author of many scientific papers, and the editor of Territorial Patterns of Innovation: An Inquiry on the Knowledge Economy in European Regions (Routledge, 2013).

Second-rank cities are back on the academic scene, capturing the interest of scholars with their unexpected recent performance with respect to first-rank cities. Looking at the data on average urban GDP growth in 139 European cities since 1996, the relatively strong position of large cities (over 1.5 million inhabitants) on national growth coincides with the periods of fastest expansion, while at times of slowdown second-rank cities prevail. Especially in the recent period of economic downturn, second-rank cities have recorded annual GDP growth rates much less negative than those of capital cities; and in some European countries, like Austria and Germany, all cities have outperformed their capitals. In explaining this phenomenon, linking urban dynamics to agglomeration theories seems the most interesting approach. However, merely to link agglomeration economies to urban size in order to interpret urban performance is neither convincing nor sufficient, and it calls for additional investigation into how agglomeration economies work. This volume claims that interpretation of the current dynamics in European urban systems – especially in the western part of Europe – would benefit from exploitation of the traditional concept of agglomeration economies. However, necessary for this purpose are more in-depth considerations on the nature, scope, intensity, and causes of agglomeration economies which do not relate their existence solely to urban size. And this is where the main challenge for scholars lies, in the interpretation of the missing link between agglomeration economies and urban dynamics. This book was originally published as a special issue of European Planning Studies.