Public Space Design and Social Cohesion An International Comparison

Social cohesion is often perceived as being under threat from the increasing cultural and economic differences in contemporary cities and the increasing intensity of urban life. Public space, in its role as the main stage for social interactions between strangers, clearly plays a role in facilitating or limiting opportunities for social cohesion. But what exactly is social cohesion, how is it experienced in the public realm, and what role can the design of city spaces have in supporting or promoting it? There are significant knowledge gaps between the social sciences and design disciplines and between academia and practice, and thus a dispersed knowledge base that currently lacks nuanced insight into how urban design contributes to social integration or segregation. This book brings together scholarly knowledge at the intersection of public space design and social cohesion. It is based on original scholarly research and a depth of urban design practice, and analyses case studies from a variety of cities and cultures across the Global North and Global South. Its interdisciplinary, cross-cultural analysis will be of interest to academics, students, policymakers and practitioners engaged with a range of subject areas, including urban design, urban planning, architecture, landscape, cultural studies, human geography, social policy, sociology and anthropology. It will also have significant appeal to a wider non-academic readership, given its topical subject matter.

Introduction: From mixing with strangers to collective placemaking: existing theories, policies and practices around social cohesion in public space design Patricia Aelbrecht, Quentin Stevens and Bobby Nisha Public Space Design, Development and Management Processes Top-down projects Chapter 1. The Making of Democratic Urban Public Space in Denmark Tom Nielsen Chapter 2. The Marginalised Others: Memorials to non-Jewish Holocaust victims in Berlin’s Government District Mirjana Ristic Chapter 3. Social Cohesion vis-a-vis Spatial Division: The Contradictions of Participatory Design Rebeka Balazs and Dalia Zein Chapter 4. The Role of Public Spaces on Social Cohesion and Inclusivity: Metamorphosis of a historic park in Ankara, Turkey Müge Akkar Ercan and Nihan Oya Memlük Chapter 5. A Placemaking Approach to Estate Regeneration Projects: A Practitioner's Perspective Jane Dann, Tibbalds Bottom-up projects Chapter 6. Bottom-up Public Space Design and Social Cohesion: The case of a self-developed park in an informal settlement of Bogotá Camilo Calderon and Jaime Hernández-García Chapter 7. UN Habitat’s engagement of residents, refugees and local authorities in a public space design process in Bourj Hammoud, Lebanon Christine Mady Chapter 8. Open Green: Placemaking beyond Place-bound Communities in Taipei ChenYu Lien and Jeffrey Hou Post-occupancy evaluations Chapter 9. New Public Spaces of Circulation, Consumption and Recreation and their Scope for Informal Social Interaction and Cohesion Patricia Aelbrecht Chapter 10. Visibility of Turkish Amenities: Immigrant’s Integration and Social Cohesion in Amsterdam Ceren Sezer Chapter 11. Pop-up Landscape Design and the Disruption of the Ordinary Susanna Schaller and Sandra Guinand Chapter 12. Designing for Difficulty: Agonistic Urban Design Quentin Stevens Chapter 13. Exploring Social Equity in the Park: Design and Management of new city-centre spaces in Sheffield, UK, and Ahmedabad, India Nicola Dempsey Chapter 14. The Streets: a Fluid Place of Social Cohesion Vikas Mehta Conclusion: Emerging Knowledge at the Intersection of Public Space Design and Social Cohesion Patricia Aelbrecht and Quentin Stevens

Patricia Aelbrecht is Lecturer in Urban Design at the School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, UK. Her research focuses on the social dimension of urban design, in particular on how social practices and activism in public space shape and redefine the meanings and uses of public spaces in a wide range of cultural and social contexts in Europe. Recent work also investigates mega-events as catalysts of urban regeneration and the contested regeneration of post-war modernist cityscapes. She holds a PhD in Urban Studies and an MSc in International Planning from University College London, and a BArch and MArch from the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal. Quentin Stevens is Associate Professor in the School of Architecture and Design at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. He is author of The Ludic City, joint editor of Loose Space: Possibility and Diversity in Urban Life (both Routledge 2007), and author or editor of four other books with Routledge. His research focuses on environment-behaviour relations in public spaces; his recent projects have investigated social engagement around public memorials, public artworks, and urban waterfronts. He holds a PhD in Urban Design and a BArch from the University of Melbourne, and a Master’s in Urban Planning and Policy from the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.