1. Introduction and Review of Biological Background 2. Total Calories and Protein Intake 3. Single Amino Acids 4. Fats, Fatty Acids, and Lipids 5. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 6. B Vitamins 7. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 8. Calcium and Magnesium 9. Trace Minerals 10. Ultratrace Minerals 11. Normal Cellular Components: Proteases, Nucleic Acids, and Antioxidant Enzymes 12. Glycosaminoglycans 13. Nonessential Dietary Components: Bioflavonoids and Curcumin 14. Nutrients Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine 15. Summary and Conclusions