Modernism and American Mid-20th Century Sacred Architecture

Mid-20th century sacred architecture in America sought to bridge modernism with religion by abstracting cultural and faith traditions and pushing the envelope in the design of houses of worship. Modern architects embraced the challenges of creating sacred spaces that incorporated liturgical changes, evolving congregations, modern architecture, and innovations in building technology.The book describes the unique context and design aspects of the departure from historicism, and the renewal of heritage and traditions with ground-breaking structural features, deliberate optical effects and modern aesthetics. The contributions, from a pre-eminent group of scholars and practitioners from the US, Australia, and Europe are based on original archival research, historical documents, and field visits to the buildings discussed. Investigating how the authority of the divine was communicated through new forms of architectural design, these examinations map the materiality of liturgical change and communal worship during the mid-20th century.

Introduction:The Sacred Space Anat GevaPartI Modernists and Sacred Architecture 1 Minimal Ritual: Mies van der Rohe's Chapel of St. Savior, 1952 Ross Anderson 2 Religious Freedom and Architectural Ambition at Vassar College, 1945–54 Lindsay Cook 3 Tuskegee University’s Second Chapel – A Departure and a Continuation Arthur Clement and Roderick Fluker PartII The Parabola, Concrete, and Modern Sacred Architecture4 Bold Modern Form: The Parabola and St. Louis’s Sacred Buildings Mary Reid Brunstrom5 The Structural Modeling and Design of Saint Mary's Cathedral, San Francisco, 1963–71 Gabriele Neri6 Charles Haertling’s St. Stephen’s Lutheran Church, Northglenn, Colorado, 1963–64 Heather Seneff7 A Monumental Absence: Paul Rudolph's Christian Science Building, 1965 (demolished 1985) Scott MurrayPart IIIDenominations, Identity, and Modern Sacred Architecture8 Creating Sacred Spaces in the Suburbs: Roman Catholic Architecture in Post-war Los Angeles, 1948–76 Michael J. Gibson9 Critiquing Modernism: The Unorthodox Orthodox, 1950s–1960s Dean G. Lampros10 J. Eugene Wukaschand Mid-century Lutheran Architecture in Texas, 1950–70 Jason John Paul Haskins11 The Nexus between Lithuanian Vernacular and American Modernism Milda RichardsonPart IVModern Interiors and Liturgical Fittings12 Seeing, not Knowing: Symbolism, Art, and "Opticalism" in Mid-century American Religious Architecture Jeremy Kargon13 The Sanctuary Wall: Unitarian Rationalism Illuminated Ann Marie Borys14 Tradition and Transcendence: Eero Saarinen’s MIT Chapel and the Nondenominational Ideal Joseph M. Siry Epilogue Philip James Tabb

Anat Geva is a registered architect and a Professor of Architecture at Texas A&M University, where she teaches design, sacred architecture, history of building technology, and preservation. She has a long list of publications including a book, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Sacred Architecture: Faith, Form, and Building Technology, published in 2012. She co-founded and co-edited the journal of the National Council of Preservation Education, Preservation Education & Research (PER), and was a co-editor of ARRIS (SESAH’s Journal). She was one of the founders of the Forum on Architecture, Culture, and Spirituality (ACS) and served as a member on their executive committee. She is the past president of the Southeast Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians (SESAH), and past secretary of the National Council for Preservation Education (NCPE).