Military Entrepreneurs and the Spanish Contractor State in the Eighteenth Century

Military Entrepreneurs and the Spanish Contractor State in the Eighteenth Century offers a new approach to the relationship between warfare and state construction. Historians looking at how war funding impinged on state development, and how state growth made wars more significant, have tended to downplay the role of military-provisioning entrepreneurs. Written off as corrupt and selfish, these entrepreneurs jarred with the received view of a rationally growing and modernising state. This volume shows that the state-entrepreneur relationship was much more fluid and constant than previously thought. The state was not able to enforce a top-down military supply policy; at the same time it benefited from the entrepreneurs' collaboration and their shared mercantilist ambitions. The entrepreneurs' mobilisation of military supplies was crucial for extending state authority and helped to knit together national and colonial markets. But this fluid state-entrepreneur relationship gradually became shrouded in privileges and monopolies, not so much ideology driven or imposed by the entrepreneurs but rather as an arrangement exploited by the state to boost its control over them, whittling down middlemen and ensuring the solvency and creditworthiness of the chosen few. This arrangement spiralled into a risky inter-dependence and cramped entrepreneurial competition. Rafael Torres Sánchez furnishes new insights into the role of military entrepreneurs in debates about warfare and state construction.

1 - From the Fiscal-Military State to the Contractor State
2 - Economic policy and military supplies
3 - Public and Private Business: Soldiers' bread ration
4 - National and State Capitalism
5 - Monopolist entrepreneurs at the state´s service
6 - The Fiscal-naval State
7 - The paradigm of state intervention
8 - The Spanish Naval Contractor State and entrepreneurs
9 - National market versus international market: the limits of mercantilism
10 - Monopoly versus the market: urgency and flexibility
11 - Conclusions

Rafael Torres Sánchez mainly studies eighteenth-century Spanish warfare and its interconnection with the development of the state and its economy. He is the author of Constructing a Fiscal-Military State in Eighteenth-Century Spain (2015), El precio de la guerra: El estado fiscal-militar de Carlos III, 1779-1783 (2013), La llave de todos los tesoros: La Tesorería General de Carlos III (2012), and also collaborated with Stephen Conway on an edition of The Spending of the States: Military Expenditure during the Long Eighteenth Century: Patterns, Organisation and Consequences, 1650-1815 (2011). His work also includes War, State and Development: Fiscal-Military States in the Eighteenth Century (2007). His website can be found at http://www.unav.edu/centro/contractorstate/