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This collection of essays discusses fascinating aspects of the concept that microbes are at the root of all ecosystems. The content is divided into seven parts, the first of those emphasizes that microbes not only were the starting point, but sustain the rest of the biosphere and shows how life evolves through a perpetual struggle for habitats and niches. Part II explains the ways in which microbial life persists in some of the most extreme environments, while Part III presents our understanding of the core aspects of microbial metabolism. Part IV examines the duality of the microbial world, acknowledging that life exists as a balance between certain processes that we perceive as being environmentally supportive and others that seem environmentally destructive. In turn, Part V discusses basic aspects of microbial symbioses, including interactions with other microorganisms, plants and animals. The concept of microbial symbiosis as a driving force in evolution is covered in Part VI. In closing, Part VII explores the adventure of microbiological research, including some reminiscences from and perspectives on the lives and careers of microbe hunters.
Given its mixture of science and philosophy, the book will appeal to scientists and advanced students of microbiology, evolution and ecology alike.
Part I: Recognizing the Role of Microorganisms in our World
Chapter 1: Our living world rests upon a foundation of microorganisms: the constant struggle for habitat and niche
Author: Christon J. Hurst ^
Chapter 2: Darwin’s Science’s Impact on the Evolution of the Microbiological Sciences
Author: Kenneth M. Noll ^
Chapter 3: Microbes and marine sediments: a life-long relationship on Earth’s Biosphere
Author: Jerónimo Pan ^
Chapter 4: The Democracy of Dirt: relating Micro-scale dynamics to macro-scale ecosystem function
Author: Joshua Schimel ^
Part II: Microbial life persists within even the most extreme environments
Chapter 5: The concept of evanescent microbial ecosystems in Earth’s atmosphere
Author: Dale Warren Griffin ^
Chapter 6: When the vital signs of microbial life go cold, does that mean the pulse is gone? Microbial life persists at the limits of cryoenvironments on Earth
Author: Jacqueline Marie Goordial ^
Chapter 7: Lithotrophic (“Stone Eating”) Microbes Provide the Foundation for Deep Subsurface Ecosystems
Author: Thomas L. Kieft ^
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Part III: Understanding the core values of microbial metabolism
Chapter 8: Miraculous fixation of molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere
Author: Vladimír Klaban ^
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Chapter 9: Mutagens, radicals, rocket fuel and laughing gas - stringing metabolic modules to survive on nitrogenous poisons
Authors: Martin G. Klotz and Lisa Y. Stein ^
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Chapter 10: The grand microbial variety show
Author: Aharon Oren ^
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Part IV: Microbes established and sustain life
Chapter 11: Microbes’ many roles in climate change: contribution, consequence, mitigation, and model system
Author: Sanghoon Kang ^
^gt;Chapter 12: The Revolutionary Potential of the Hidden Half of Nature in Agriculture and Medicine
Author: David R. Montgomery ^
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Chapter 13: Microscale Carbon Cycling Between Bacteria and Algae Under the Sun
Author: Xavier Mayali ^
Part V: The basic aspects of microbial symbioses
Chapter 14: Discovering the Symbiotic Nature of Microbial Life: Summarizing Milestone Publications from 1866 through 1947
Author: Christon J. Hurst ^
Chapter 15: Microscopic World and the Phenomenon of Symbiosis in the Natural Environment
Author: Vladimír Klaban ^
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Chapter 16: Symbiosis in a rapidly changing world
Authors: Kerry M. Oliver and Clesson H. V. Higashi
Chapter 17: Diversity-function relationships and the underlying ecological mechanisms in host-associated microbial communities
Author: Catalina Cuellar-Gempeler ^
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Chapter 18: Darwinian medicine: we evolved to require continuing contact with the microbiota of the natural environment. Evolution turns the inevitable into a necessity
Author: Graham A. W. Rook ^t;
Chapter 19: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Enzyme ACC Deaminase
Authors: Shimaila Ali and Bernard R. Glick ^
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Chapter 20: The diazotroph as an endophyte and how a diazotroph interacts with its plant host
Author: Se-Chul Chun ^<^
Chapter 21: The Hologenome Hypothesis and its Application to Plant-Microbe Interactions on an Evolutionary Scale
Authors: Saber Kouas, Noor Khan, and Ann M. Hirsch ^&^<^
Chapter 22: Beneficial role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in bioremediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated agricultural fields
Authors: Krishnendu Pramanik, Sandipan Banerjee, Debosmita Mukherjee, Kunal Kumar Saha, Tushar Kanti Maiti, Narayan Chandra Mandal ^
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Chapter 23: Defensive microbiomes: a widespread phenomenon in nature
Author: Sarah Worsley ^
Chapter 24: Coevolution of molluscs and their microbes
Authors: Aide Lasa and Jesús L. Romalde ;
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Chapter 25: Invisible interactions between microorganisms
Author: Kenji Ueda
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Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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