Markedness Reduction and Preservation in Phonology

'Markedness' refers to the tendency of languages to show a preference for particular structures or sounds. This bias towards 'marked' elements is consistent within and across languages, and tells us a great deal about what languages can and cannot do. This pioneering study presents a groundbreaking theory of markedness in phonology. De Lacy argues that markedness is part of our linguistic competence, and is determined by three conflicting mechanisms in the brain: (a) pressure to preserve marked sounds ('preservation'), (b) pressure to turn marked sounds into unmarked sounds ('reduction'), and (c) a mechanism allowing the distinction between marked and unmarked sounds to be collapsed ('conflation'). He shows that due to these mechanisms, markedness occurs only when preservation is irrelevant. Drawing on examples of phenomena such as epenthesis, neutralisation, assimilation, vowel reduction and sonority-driven stress, Markedness offers an important insight into this essential concept in the understanding of human language.

Preface; Acknowledgements; Symbols and abbreviations; 1. What is markedness?; 2. Theory; 3. Markedness reduction; 4. Preservation of the marked; 5. Conflation in reduction; 6. Markedness conflation in preservation; 7. Markedness conflict: vowels; 8. Prediction and alternatives; 9. Conclusions; References; Subject index; Language index.

Presents a groundbreaking theory of markedness in phonology, the tendency of languages to show a preference for particular structures or sounds. Drawing on examples from a wide range of phonological phenomena, de Lacy argues that markedness is part of our linguistic competence, determined by conflicting mechanisms in the brain.