Part 1 Key Writers on Art: From Antiquity to The Nineteenth Century; Chapter 1 Plato (427–347 BC), David E. Cooper; Chapter 2 Aristotle (384–322 BC), Ronna Burger; Chapter 3 Plotinus (204/5–70 AD), Suzanne Stern-Gillet; Chapter 4 Augustine (354–430), Robert Crouse; Chapter 5 Alcuin (c. 735–804) and Theodulf of Orléans (died 821), Hugh Bredin; Chapter 6 Suger (1081–1151) and Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), Hugh Bredin; Chapter 7 Thomas Aquinas (1225–74), Hugh Bredin; Chapter 8 Cennino Cennini (c. 1360—before 1427), Roger Tarr; Chapter 9 Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378–1455), Roger Tarr; Chapter 10 Leon Battista Alberti (1404–72), Roger Tarr; Chapter 11 Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Erin J. Campbell; Chapter 12 Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564), James Hall; Chapter 13 Pietro Aretino (1492–1556), Paolo Pino (fl. 1534–65) and Lodovico Dolce (1508–68), Erin J. Campbell; Chapter 14 Giorgio Vasari (1511–74), Sharon Gregory; Chapter 15 Giovan Paolo Lomazzo (1538–1600) and Federico Zuccaro (1543–1609), Nick Webb; Chapter 16 Karel Van Mander (1548–1606), Walter S. Melion; Chapter 17 Giovanni Pietro Bellori (1615–96), Kaylee Spencer-Ahrens; Chapter 18 André FéLibien (1619–95), Claire Pace; Chapter 19 Roger de Piles (1635–1709), Thomas Puttfarken; Chapter 20 Earl of Shaftesbury (1671–1713), A. Owen Aldridge; Chapter 21 William Hogarth (1697–1764), Matthew Craske; Chapter 22 Denis Diderot (1713–84), Mark Ledbury; Chapter 23 Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–68), Alex Potts; Chapter 24 Joshua Reynolds (1723–92), Harry Mount; Chapter 25 Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), David E. Cooper; Chapter 26 Edmund Burke (1729–97), Abigail Chantler; Chapter 27 Gotthold Lessing (1729–81), Abigail Chantler; Chapter 28 Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805), Abigail Chantler; Chapter 29 G.W.F.Hegel (1770–1831), Gary Shapiro; Chapter 30 Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), Peter Lewis; Chapter 31 Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55), George Pattison; Chapter 32 Karl Marx (1818–83), Richard Drake; Chapter 33 Jacob Burckhardt (1818–97), Richard Drake; Chapter 34 John Ruskin (1819–1900), Erin J. Campbell; Chapter 35 Eugène Fromentin (1820–76), Barbara Wright; Chapter 36 Charles Baudelaire (1821–67), Rosemary Lloyd; Chapter 37 Edmond (1822–96) and Jules (1830–70) de Goncourt, Pamela Warner; Chapter 38 Hippolyte Taine (1828–93), Hilary Nias; Chapter 39 Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), W. Gareth Jones; Chapter 40 William Morris (1834–96), Linda A. Jullan; Chapter 41 Walter Pater (1839–94), Laurel Brake; Chapter 42 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), Ruben Berrios; Chapter 43 Alois Riegl (1858–1905), Margaret Iversen;