1. Introduction
2. Beyond Clash of Civilizations and Post Islamism: Ummah(s) and the Muslim World
3. Geopolitics of Ummah(s) in Bangladesh- A Historic Narrative
4. Awami League, Ummah, and Political Islam
5. The BNP, Ummah, and Politics in Bangladesh
6. Islamization, Ummah Consciousness and Mass Support for
Political Islam
7. Globalization and Transnational Ummah(s) in Contemporary Bangladesh
8. Conclusion