Introduction to Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend

The application of our Armed Forces within the states and territories of the United States is far from intuitive. The challenges of defending the country against assaults within the homeland are much more complex than engaging our enemies on foreign soil. Likewise, the introduction of the military’s appreciable capabilities in response to disasters, be they natural or manmade, comes with authorities and restrictions reflective of an American ethos that will always hold those forces as the servants of the people, never their overseers. Introduction to Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA): The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend examines the requirements and regulations that guide the utilization of our forces in the domestic environment. Topics include: The importance of the distinctions between homeland security, homeland defense, and Defense Support of Civil Authorities as they pertain to both authorities and responsibilities The deliberately subservient position of the military to civil authorities when engaged in response and recovery operations following a disaster The unique relationship between the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard in a mutually supportive effort that bridges requirements between defense on the high seas and law enforcement in territorial waters The air defense mission over the United States, orchestrating manned aircraft, unmanned aircraft, and cruise missiles against threats of the same nature The exceptional challenges that would be associated with the application of land forces in a defense mission on American soil The development of the CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) Enterprise as a function of the nation’s focus on preventing, responding to and recovering from a Weapons of Mass Destruction attack New challenges emerging in the domestic environment that will call for the application of military resources, to include the Arctic, complex catastrophes, and cybersecurity issues

Homeland Defense and Homeland Security: Distinctions and Difference; James Jay Carafano The Heart of the Homeland After the Towers Fell Defense and Security—Viva la Difference After the Storm A Distant Call Whither Homeland Security? On the Border State Play Whither the Future? Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities: Philosophy and Ethos, Reality and Constraints; Bert B. Tussing Beginning with Definitions Outside Expectations—Inside Demands Logical Limits Categories of Support DOD’s Response Philosophy Framing the Issue in Reality Joint Action Plan Civil–Military Partnership: Homeland Defense Enterprise; Walter Neal Anderson What Changed as a Result of 9/11? Defense Support of Civil Authorities in Context DOD’s Roles, Missions, and Organization for the Homeland Legal and Policy Foundations of Defense Support of Civil Authorities Hurricane Katrina—A Watershed Steps Taken Since Hurricane Katrina Unity of Effort: Interagency Coordination and Building Trusting Partnerships Federal Interagency Coordination The Joint Field Office The Joint Interagency Coordination Group DOD’s Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Enterprise Recent Developments and the Future of DSCA Homeland Security and Homeland Defense in the Maritime Domain; Captain Thomas Arminio, USN (Ret.), and Captain Thomas Hale, USCG (Ret.) Introduction: The Strategic Environment Legislation and Policy Strategy Maritime Domain Awareness The Threats "Operational Trust": The Operational Synergy of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard Navy Operations Coast Guard Operations Likelihood versus Consequence: The Application of the Land Component in Homeland Defense; Bert B. Tussing Reason Behind the Reticence? The Threat, Improbable but Consequential The Threat from Without The Threat from Within The Military Response to the Requirement Active Duty Forces—NORTHCOM and ARNORTH The National Guard Not Just a Military Problem The Airspace Domain in Homeland Defense; Philip Brown The Strategy The Changing and Evolving Threat The Organizations The Resources The Process: Before and After 9/11 Homeland Security and WMD Protection Issues; 1st Sgt. Gary Mauk, Lt. Col. Matthew D. Woolums, and Dr. Robert McCreight DOD Support of Civil Authorities and Civil Support Operations Origins of the DOD WMD Protection and Response Mission Civilian Leadership of Responses to CBRN Incidents in the Homeland Duty Status of National Guard and Federal Military Forces Domestic Laws and Regulation Applicability to U.S. Military Forces during DSCA Missions Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threats and Hazards Understanding the Nature and Scope of CBRN Attacks and the Overall WMD Threat Department of Defense CBRN Response Enterprise (CRE) Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams (WMD-CSTs) CBRN-Enhanced Response Force Package (CERFP) Homeland Response Force (HRF) Defense CBRN Response Force (DCRF) Command and Control CBRN Response Element A/B The Future Integration of Military Capabilities into a Domestic CBRN Incident Homeland Defense— Emerging Challenges; Bert B. Tussing The Arctic The Military and Cyber Security in the Homeland Preparation for and Response to Catastrophe Beyond Disaster

Professor Bert B. Tussing is Director of Homeland Defense and Security Issues at the U.S. Army War College, where he has served since retiring from the Marine Corps in 2000. He holds master's degrees in Strategic Studies from the Army War College, and National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College. He has served on special advisory groups for both the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security. In 2014 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters by Northwestern State University for his work in homeland security, homeland defense, and defense support of civil authorities. Robert McCreight, PhD, served the United States government at the State Department and in other federal agencies over the span of a 35-year career, before retiring in 2004 and serving as a consultant for major homeland security and national defense contractors. His professional career includes work as an intelligence analyst, treaty negotiator, arms control delegate to the United Nations, counterterrorism advisor, political–military affairs analyst, and Deputy Director of Global Scientific Exchanges at the State Department. He completed his doctoral degree in public administration in 1989 and remains active in graduate education programs in emergency and crisis management as well as in security studies and terrorism analysis.