Infrastructure Health in Civil Engineering (Two-Volume Set)

Winner of the Inaugural Journal of Bridge Structures’ Book Award Continually increasing demands on infrastructure mean that maintenance and renewal require timely, appropriate action that maximizes benefits while minimizing cost. To be as well informed as possible, decision-makers must have an optimal understanding of an infrastructure’s condition—what it is now, and what it is expected to be in the future. Written by two respected engineers, Infrastructure Health in Civil Engineering is presented in two corresponding volumes that integrate the decision making concept into theoretical and practical issues. The first volume, Theory and Components, includes: An overview of the infrastructure health in civil engineering (IHCE) and associated theories In-depth description of the four components of IHCE: measurements, structural identification, damage identification, and decision making Discussion of how IHCE and asset management are applied Exploration of analogies between structural and human health The second volume, Applications and Management, covers: State-of-the-art practices and future directions Use of probability and statistics in areas including structural modeling Specific practical applications, including retrofitting and rehabilitation in response to earthquake damage, corrosion, fatigue, and bridge security Use of IHCE for management and maintenance of different types of structures using pre-stressed and reinforced concrete, and fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) Numerous practical case studies, as well as coverage of the latest techniques in the use of sensors for damage detection and load testing This set comprises, perhaps for the first time, an invaluable integrated guide to the wide range of structural hazards—including scour, earthquakes, fatigue, corrosion, and damage to pre-stressed systems. It then lays out the optimized, cost-saving methods that will help readers meet safety specifications for new projects, as well as the aging infrastructure at great risk of failure.

VOLUME 1: THEORY AND COMPONENTS PART I: Overview and Theories of IHCE Introduction Infrastructure Health in Civil Engineering (IHCE) General Concepts of Infrastructures Health History of Structural Health Efforts Need for Infrastructure Health Efforts Analogy with Human Health Structural Health: A New Field in Civil Engineering? Structural Health: Integration of Fields Horizontal Integration: Multihazards Vertical Integration: Multidisciplinary SHM and IHCE: a Quick Primer Challenges Ahead Appendix I: DHS Infrastructure Sectors (as of 2009) Elements of Structural Health in Civil Engineering (SHCE) SHCE: A New Field in Civil Engineering? SHCE: Baseball Analogy SHCE and DESIGN Paradigms NDT versus SHM Value of Information Lives and Deaths of Infrastructures Overview Birth of Bridges Why Bridges Live? Why Bridges Fail/Die? Examples of Bridge Failures Appendix I: Count of Bridges in the United States by Construction Material References Theories and Principles of IHCE Introduction General theory of Experimentation (GTE) Special Theory of Experimentation (STE) Theory of SHM Triangulation Duality Principle in SHM Scaling Principle in SHM Serendipity Principle in SHM PART II: Components of IHCE Sensors and Infrastructures Health Introduction Sensor Categorizations Basics of Sensor Behavior Sensor Measurements in SHM Emerging Technology: Fiber Optics Sensors Wireless Sensors Smart Structures Optimum Sensor Selection Optimum Sensor Location Step by Step Guide for Choosing Sensors Remote Sensing in SHM Structural Identification (STRID) Introduction STRID Processes Modal Identification Methods Parameter Identification (PI) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Other Methods Modeling Techniques Scale Independent Methods (SIM) Case Studies Life Cycle Analysis and STRID Cost-Benefit Analysis of STRID Damage Identification (DMID) Introduction Damage Parameters STRID, DMID, and SHM NDT Techniques Acoustic Emission Vibration-based Methods Signal Processing and DMID Damage Identification in SHM Appendix: Lamb Waves Appendix: Dispersion Curves Appendix: Helmholtz Equation Appendix: Angular Spectrum Method Decision Making in IHCE Introduction Decision Making Process and Structural Health Components Probability and Statistics Traditional Theories of Decision Making Reliability Risk Stochastic Models Structural Analysis in Decision Making Financial Considerations Appendices VOLUME 2: APPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT PART III: Applications Scour Introduction Types and Causes of Scour Scour Mitigation Measures Bridge Health and Scour Case Studies Bridge Life Cycle Analysis and Scour Effects Decision Making and SCOUR Management Strategies for Scour Hazard Appendix: NBI System Earthquakes Introduction Bridge Components and Seismic Hazards SHM Components and Seismic Hazards Case Studies Decision Making and Earthquake Hazard General Engineering Paradigms, Earthquakes, and Structural Health Resilience of Infrastructures LCA and Earthquake Hazards Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete Structures Introduction Corrosion: The problem Corrosion Monitoring Corrosion Mitigation Methods STRID and Corrosion Hazard Decision Making and Corrosion Hazard Case Studies Bridge Life Cycle Analysis and Corrosion Monitoring Appendix: Chloride Diffusion and Corrosion Initiation Pre-stressed Concrete Bridges Introduction Anatomy of PSC Bridges Damage to PSC Bridges Structural Identification Damage Detection Decision Making Case Studies LCA of PT-PS Systems Fatigue Introduction NDT Treatment of Fatigue SHM Treatment of Fatigue Virtual Sensing Paradigm Step-by-Step Approach for Remaining Fatigue Life Dynamic and Fatigue Analysis of a Truss Bridge with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Deck Estimating Fatigue Life of Bridge Components Using Measured Strains: Practical Application BLCA and Fatigue Dirlik Rainflow Empirical Solution Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Bridge Decks Introduction The Advent of FRP Bridge Decks Health of FRP Bridge Deck Decision Making and FRP Bridge Decks Case Studies LCA for FRP Bridge Decks Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Wrapping Introduction Physical and Theoretical Background NDT Methods for FRP Wrapping Applications East Church Street Bridge Troy Bridge Congress Street Bridge Guide to SHM Usage in FRP Wrapping Decision Making Example: When to Retrofit with FRP Wrapping? LCA of FRP Wrapping Sources of Damage in FRP Laminates PART IV: Management of Infrastructure Health Load Testing Introduction General Considerations for Load Testing Categories of Load Tests Sensors, Instrumentations, Hardware, and Software STRID in Load Testing Damage Identification in Load Testing Decision Making in Load Testing Cost, Benefit, and LCA of Bridge Load Tests Monitoring and Load Testing of Court Street Bridge Load Testing for Bridge Rating: Route 22 Over Swamp River Bridge Management and Infrastructure Health Introduction Bridge Management Strategies and SHM Deterioration Inspection Maintenance Repair Bridge Management Tools and SHM Life-Cycle Analysis and Infrastructure Health Introduction Bridge Life Cycle Cost Analysis Bridge Life Cycle Benefit Analysis Bridge Lifespan Analysis Interrelationship of BLCCA, BLCBA, and BLSA Use of BLCA in Decision Making SHM Role in BLCCA, BLCBA, and BLSA Generalized Approach to LCA Role of Structural Health Monitoring in Enhancing Bridge Security Introduction Concept of 4Ds Security-Specific Technology and SHM Utilization SHM-Specific Techniques and Bridge Security Decision Making: Prioritization Life Cycle Analysis Concluding Remarks Appendices