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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Blood volume
The compatibility testDefinitions of blood product
Indication of blood grouping
Discovery of human blood groups
Hemagglutination reaction
Blood group systems (international society of blood transfusion (ISBT) 2008
Selection of donor for organ donation
Blood test measures antibodies to HLA
Percent reactive antibody (PRA)Types of donor for organ transplant
Change of blood group
Bibliography
CHAPTER 2
BLOOD GROUP & IMMUNOLOGYDiscovery of Blood group
Immunological reaction
Principles of Immunohematology
The ABO antigens
Mendel's First Law of Inheritance
Autosomal chromosome
Genotypes table
What do co-dominant genes mean?
ABO antibodies
Antibody characteristics of IgG & IgM
Immunological reaction in blood banking
Stages of immunological reaction
Factors affecting the antigen-antibody reaction
The basic blood group system ABOComparison of ABO and Rh (D) groups
Blood groups with natural & immune antibodies
Subgroups of ABO blood group system
Bombay blood group
Plant agglutinins for ABO blood group
Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA)
Anti-human serum (Coomb’s antisera)
Bovine albumin
Rh Antigen
Classification of Rh antigens
Fisher-Race
Wiener
Rosenfield
Identification of Rh antigens
Translating from Weiner to Fisher-RaceRh antibodies
Rh Blood group & Rh Incompatibility
Variations of the D phenotype
Partial D
Weak D
Laboratory diagnosis of weak D & partial D
Other blood group systems
Blood groups with natural & immune antibodies
Lutheran blood group
Miscellaneous blood groups (Human Leukocyte antigen)
Universal recipient
Universal Donor
Extremely rare blood group
Bibliography
CHAPTER 3
DONOR BLOOD COLLECTION
Donor consenting process
Essential issues in consent
Ownership of the donation
Donor rights
Ethical issues of donor screening
Signature of the donor
Donor interview
Essentials criteria for blood donors
Criteria for rejecting donors
Donor pre-transfusion evaluation
Guide lines before taking the blood from donor
Donor session records registration & donor identificationFormula for blood to be drawn
Blood Donor questionaries’ form
Consent letter from the donor
Whole blood donation
Blood anticoagulation
Blood flow & completion of donation
Blood volume monitoring
Invention of blood bags
Red cell anticoagulant & preservation
Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1)
Saline –adenine-glucose- mannitol (SAGM)
Types of blood bags
Anticoagulant used in blood bags
Identification of collected bloodPost donation instructions
Management of syncope fainting or vasovagal attack of donor
Donor care after a blood donation
Blood collection record sheet
Bibliography
CHAPTER 4
BLOOD STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
Transportation of blood after collection
Storage and transport conditionsFeatures of a blood transport container
Characteristics of coolant packs used in transportation of blood
Temperature control of transport container
Blood disposal log
Storage of blood
Blood bank refrigerator(s)
Blood plasma freezer(s)
Platelet agitator(s) with built in incubators
Temperature recording devices & alarms
Handling of Blood components
Cold room for preservation of blood
Organization in storage
Changes in stored blood
CPDA-1Storage of donor red cell units considerations
Bibliography
CHAPTER 5
TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS
Reasons for blood transfusion
Transfusion trigger
Transfusion target
Blood components for transfusion
Whole blood
Inappropriate indications for the use of packed red blood cells
Packed red blood cells (pRBC)
Life span of transfused packed red blood cells (pRBC)
Types of aphaeretic red cell concentrate available for treatment of anemia
Transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC) in acute anemia
False high Htc in cases of acute hemorrhage
Transfusion regimen for Thalassaemia major
Transfusion of pRBC in patients undergoing chemotherapy
Transfusion of pRBC in thrombocytopenia
Transfusion of pRBCs in chronic anemia
Transfusion of pRBC in sickle cell disease
Indication for auto transfusion
Transfusion of pRBC in bone marrow transplantation
Transfusion of pRBC in neonates
Leukoreduction IndicationsIndications for irradiation of pRBC
Side effect of irradiated pRBC
Washed pRBC
Indications of frozen red cells
Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
Indications
Different types of plasma
Difference between Fresh Frozen Plasma and Plasma Frozen
Properties of different types of plasma
Storage time for preservation of FFP & cryoprecipitate
Plasma thawing equipment
Humate- P antihaemophilic
Advantages of Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) over FFP
Side effect of Humate-P
Composition of Prothrombin complex concentrate
Cryoprecipitate
Desmopressin (DDAVP) Indication
Human Fibrin Glue (HFG)
Platelets
Indication of platelets transfusionContraindications
Types of platelets
CompatibilityPlatelet swirling phenomenon
Platelet agitator with built in incubator
Medicine & transfusion options
Bibliography
CHAPTER 6
BLOOD COMPONENT PREPERATION
General principles of component preparation
Laboratory procedures in blood component preparation
Preparation of fresh frozen plasma & packed red cells
Chart showing shelf life of blood components
Additive solutions
Preparation of cryoprecipitate
Reconstitution of cryoprecipitate for transfusion
Cryodepleted plasma ("cryosupernatant")
Preparation of platelet rich plasma (PRP)
Preparation of platelet concentrates
Preparation of pRBC
BibliographyCHAPTER 7
BLOOD TEST IN IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY & BLOOD BANKING
Preparation of reagent cells for blood grouping
Usage of Coomb’s control cells
Preparation of Coomb’s control cells
Reporting of hemagglutination reactionProcedure of diluting anti –D
Methods of determination of ABO blood grouping
Forward grouping
Reverse grouping
Preparation of Red cell suspension
Indirect antiglobulin test (Du Testing)
Rh (D) Grouping
Pre -transfusion testing (Compatibility testing)
Collection of blood specimen
Blood sample handling and processing
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