High technology and SMEs, regional clustering and collective learning - an overview; high-technology clusters and evolutionary trends in the 1990s; regional institutional and policy frameworks for high-technology SMEs in Europe; university and public research institute links with regional high-technology SMEs; the role of inter-SME networking and links in innovative high-technology milieux; large firm acquisitions, spin-offs and links in the development of regional clusters of technology-intensive SMEs; collective learning, system competences and epistemically significant moments; collective learning processes in European high-technology milieux; concluding reflections - some policy implications.