Free Radicals and Antioxidant Protocols

In recent years there has been a growing demand to achieve more rapid and accurate detection of RONs (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species), which affect normal physiological processes and pathological conditions, and also of redox stress. In Free Radicals and Antioxidant Protocols, Second Edition, world-renowned researchers respond to this need, considering the most recent analytical and technological aspects of the detection and determination of RONs, and of oxidative, nitrative, nitrosative, and redox stress in biological systems in vivo and in vitro. Chapters include protocols to establish biomarkers for the oxidative stress-induced genetic damage in cellular and animal models, provide novel methods and technologies for analyzing peroxidized lipids, describe techniques for gene therapy, and present methods of EPR imaging of free radicals and oxygen in vivo. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and user-friendly, Free Radicals and Antioxidant Protocols, Second Edition, is an essential guide for the novice and expert researcher alike.

Contents Preface Contributors Part I Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species 1. In Vivo Imaging of Free Radicals and Oxygen Deepti S. Vikram, Brian K. Rivera, and Periannan Kuppusamy 2 . In Vivo Measurement of Tissue Oxygen using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Oxygen-sensitive Paramagnetic Particle, Lithium Phthalocyanine F. Hyodo, S. Matsumoto, E. Hyodo, A. Matsumoto, K. Matsumoto, and M. C. Krishna 3. Measurement of Plasma Nitrite by Chemiluminescence Enika Nagababu and Joseph M Rifkind 4. Determination of Glutathione, Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential, and Cytotoxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts Exposed to Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species K. Sathishkumar, Xueli Gao, Achuthan C. Raghavamenon, Narasimham L. Parinandi, and Rao M. Uppu Part II Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants 5. Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids: Ocurrence and Analytical Methods Constantine D. Stalikas 6. Design, Synthesis, and Action of Antiatherogenic Antioxidants Osamu Cynshi, Kunio Tamura, and Etsuo Niki 7. Preparation of Drug-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity against Lipid Peroxidation Adriana R. Pohlmann, Scheila Rezende Schaffazick, Tânia B. Creczynski-Pasa, and Sílvia S. Guterres 8. Nanoparticle and Iron Chelators as a Potential Novel Alzheimer Therapy Gang Liu, Ping Men, George Perry, and Mark A. Smith 9. Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanocarriers for the Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Enzymes Eric Simone, Thomas Dziubla , Vladimir Shuvaev, and Vladimir R. Muzykantov 10. Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Eugenol In Vitro and In Vivo Enika Nagababu, Joseph M. Rifkind, Sesikeran Boindala, andLakshmaiah Nakka Part III Cellular Oxidative Stress 11. The Generation of Stable Oxidative Stress-Resistant Phenotypes in Chinese Hamster Fibroblasts Chronically Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide or Hyperoxia Douglas R. Spitz and Shannon J. Sullivan 12. A Simple Method for Effective and Safe Removal of Membrane Cholesterol from Lipid Rafts in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Implications in Oxidant-Mediated Lipid Signaling Michelle A. Kline, E. S. O’Connor Butler, Adam Hinzey, Sean Sliman, Clay B. Marsh, Rao M. Uppu, and Narasimham L. Parinandi 13. Superoxide Dismutase - A Target for Gene Therapeutic Approach to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Erectile Dysfunction W. Deng , T.J. Bivalacqua , W. Hellstrom , S. N. Murthy , and Philip J. Kadowitz 14. Assessing the Reductive Capacity of Cells by Measuring the Recycling of Ascorbic and Lipoic Acids James M. May 15. Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: Methods and Measures of Oxidative DNA Damage (COMET Assay) and Telomere Shortening Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam, Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari, Zaheer Sameermahmood, and Viswanathan Mohan 16. Simultaneous Analysis of Mutiple Redox-Sensitive and Apoptotic Gene Expression in Hypothalamic Neurons Exposed to Cholesterol Ozonation Products K.Sathishkumar, Achuthan C. Raghavamenon, Karunakaran Ganeshkumar, Rameshwari Telaprolu and Rao M. Uppu 17. Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Stress Response in Aging and Neurodegeneration Vittorio Calabrese, Cesare Mancuso, Riccardo Lentile, A.M. Giuffrida Stella, and D. Allan Butterfield. 18. Gene Therapy Techniques for the Delivery of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase to the Lung for Pulmonary Hypertension W. Deng, T.J. Bivalacqua, W. Hellstrom, Subramanyam N. Murthy, and Philip J. Kadowitz Part IV DNA Oxidation,