Energy Efficient Computing & Electronics Devices to Systems

In our abundant computing infrastructure, performance improvements across most all application spaces are now severely limited by the energy dissipation involved in processing, storing, and moving data. The exponential increase in the volume of data to be handled by our computational infrastructure is driven in large part by unstructured data from countless sources. This book explores revolutionary device concepts, associated circuits, and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation from device to circuit to system level. With chapters written by international experts in their corresponding field, the text investigates new approaches to lower energy requirements in computing. Features • Has a comprehensive coverage of various technologies • Written by international experts in their corresponding field • Covers revolutionary concepts at the device, circuit, and system levels

Section I Emerging Low Power Devices 1. A FinFET-Based Framework for VLSI Design at the 7 nm Node Vinay Vashishtha and Lawrence T. Clark 2. Molecular Phenomena in MOSFET Gate Dielectrics and Interfaces S. Arash Sheikholeslam, Hegoi Manzano, Cristian Grecu, and Andre Ivanov 3. Tunneling Field Effect Transistors Amir N. Hanna and Muhammad Mustafa Hussain 4. The Exploitation of the Spin-Transfer Torque Effect for CMOS Compatible Beyond Von Neumann Computing Thomas Windbacher, Alexander Makarov, Siegfried Selberherr, Hiwa Mahmoudi, B. Gunnar Malm, Mattias Ekström, and Mikael Östling 5. Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions As Ultra-Low-Power Computing Devices Spencer Allen Pringle and Santosh K. Kurinec Section II Sensors, Interconnects and Rectifiers 6. X-ray Sensors Based on Chromium Compensated Gallium Arsenide (HR GaAs:Cr) Anton Tyazhev and Oleg Tolbanov 7. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers for Interconnects Werner H. E. Hofmann 8. Low-Power Optoelectronic Interconnects on Two-Dimensional Semiconductors D. Keith Roper 9. GaN-Based Schottky Barriers for Low Turn-On Voltage Rectifiers Nishant Darvekar and Santosh K. Kurinec xii Contents 10. Compound Semiconductor Oscillation Device Fabricated by Stoichiometry Controlled-Epitaxial Growth and Its Application to Terahertz and Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy Takeo Ohno, Arata Yasuda, Tadao Tanabe, and Yutaka Oyama Section III Systems Design and Applications 11. Low Power Biosensor Design Techniques Based on Information Theoretic Principles Nicole McFarlane 12. Low-Power Processor Design Methodology: High-Level Estimation and Optimization via Processor Description Language Zheng Wang and Anupam Chattopadhyay 13. Spatio-Temporal Multi-Application Request Scheduling in Energy-Efficient Data Centers Haitao Yuan, Jing Bi, and MengChu Zhou 14. Ultra-Low-Voltage Implementation of Neural Networks Farooq Ahmad Khanday, Nasir Ali Kant, and Mohammad Rafiq Dar 15. Multi-Pattern Matching Based Dynamic Malware Detection in Smart Phones V. S. Devi, S. Roopak, Tony Thomas, and Md. Meraj Uddin

Santosh K. Kurinec is Professor of Electrical & Microelectronic Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and Visiting Scholar at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, New York. She served as the Department Head of Microelectronic Engineering from 2001-2009. She received her Ph.D degree in Physics from University of Delhi, India and worked as a Scientist at National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi from 1980-85. She worked as a postdoctoral research associate at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at University of Florida, Gainesville, FL from 1985-1986, where she researched thin metal film composites. Prior to joining RIT in 1988, she was Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at Florida State University/Florida A&M University College of Engineering in Tallahassee, FL. She received the RIT Trustee Scholarship Award in 2008 and was honored as the Engineer of the Year finalist by the Rochester Engineering Society in 2008. She has been actively engaged in outreach for promoting engineering education. She is a Fellow of IEEE, Member APS, NY State Academy of Sciences, Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Education and an IEEE EDS Distinguished Lecturer. She recently received the 2012 IEEE Outstanding Undergraduate Teaching Award. Her current research activities include low power FETs, nonvolatile memory, photovoltaics, advanced integrated circuit materials, and processes. She has over 100 publications in research journals and conference proceedings. She can be reached at Santosh.kurinec@rit.edu. Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski is managing R&D at Redlen Technologies Inc., a start-up company in Vancouver, Canada. Redlen’s revolutionary production process for advanced semiconductor materials enables a new generation of more accurate, all-digital, radiation-based imaging solutions. Kris is also a President of CMOS Emerging Technologies (www.cmoset.com), an organization of high-tech events covering Communications, Microsystems, Optoelectronics, and Sensors. Throughout his career, Dr. Iniewski has held numerous faculty and management positions at University of Toronto, University of Alberta, SFU, and PMC-Sierra Inc. He has published over 100 research papers in international journals and conferences. He holds 18 international patents granted in USA, Canada, France, Germany, and Japan. Dr. Iniewski is a frequently invited speaker and has consulted for multiple organizations internationally. He has written and edited several books for IEEE Press, Wiley, CRC Press, McGraw Hill, Artech House, and Springer. His personal goal is to contribute to healthy living and sustainability through innovative engineering solutions. In his leisurely time, he can be found hiking, sailing, skiing or biking in beautiful British Columbia. He can be reached at kris.iniewski@gmail.com.