Diabetes in Women Pathophysiology and Therapy

This book is devoted to women with diabetes. The primary aim is to provide cutting edge knowledge pertaining to diabetes in women from conception to menopause and beyond.

The whole notion of the book arises from the understanding that there is a complex interplay between gender and diabetes. Gender differences may differentially affect energy metabolism, body composition and cardiovascular risk and therefore the pathophysiology and clinical burden of diabetes in women.

Events in the reproductive lifecycle of women cause both special treatment considerations for diabetes and pose unique risks from diabetes. For example, during pregnancy, an adverse intrauterine environment may program fetal metabolism towards the development of cardiometabolic disease and diabetes in adult life. On the other hand, maternal diabetes may influence fetal development and postnatal outcome.

The beneficial effects of endogenous sex steroids during reproductive age appear to be lost in women with diabetes, and the withdrawal of estrogens after the menopause may increase cardiovascular risk.

Finally, gender has certain psychological, social and cultural dimensions, which may affect a person’s risk for and ability to treat diabetes. This book aims to explore the spectrum of issues specific to diabetes in women.

The book is designed for generalists, physicians with an interest in diabetes, endocrinologists, obstetricians and gynecologists, and those training in these areas of health care. It is hoped that the topics in the book will help improve the knowledge of diabetes in women.

Chapter 1 Sex Differences in Energy Balance, Body Composition and Body Fat Distribution André Tchernof, PhD Chapter 2 Menopause and Diabetes Mellitus Emily D. Szmuilowicz, MD Ellen W. Seely, MD Chapter 3 Cardiovascular Disease in Women With Diabetes Sonia Gajula, MD, Ashwini Reddy, MD Romayne Kurukulasuriya, MD Camila Manrique, MD Guido Lastra,MD James R. Sowers, MD Chapter 4 Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Women and the Paradigm of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Renato Pasquali,MD Alessandra Gambineri,MD Chapter 5 Developmental Programming of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome role of Prenatal Androgen Excess AgathoclesTsatsoulis, MD, PhD, FRCP Chapter 6 An Anthropological View of the Impact of Poverty and Globalization on the Emerging Epidemic of Obesity Patricia Aguirre, PhD Chapter 7 Eating Disorders and Depression in Women with Diabetes Patricia A. Colton, MD Gary Rodin, MD Chapter 8 Sexual Health in Women with Diabetes Andrea Salonia, MD Roberto Lanzi, MD Emanuele Bosi, MD Patrizio Rigatti, MD Francesco Montorsi, MD Chapter 9 Contraception for Women with Diabetes Siri L. Kjos, MD Chapter 10 The Effect of PCOS on Fertility and Pregnancy Kelsey E.S. Salley, MD John E. Nestler, MD Chapter 11 The Effect of Pregnancy on Energy Metabolism, Body Composition and Endothelial Function Dilys J. Freeman, PhD Naveed Sattar, MBChB, PhD, FRCPath, FRCP Chapter 12 The Epidemiology of diabetes in Women and the Looming Epidemic of GDM in the 3rd World S. M. Sadikot, MD Chapter 13 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis, Maternal and Fetal Outcomes, and Management Assiamira Ferrara, MD, PhD Catherine Kim, MD, MPH Chapter 14 Nutrition and Pregnancy Jo-Anne M. Rizzotto, MEd, RD, LDN, CDE Judy Giusti, MD, RD, LDN, CDE Laurie Higgins, MS, RD, LDN, CDE Chapter 15 Pre-Conception Care for Women with Diabetes Mellitus Howard Blank, MD Jennifer Wyckoff, MD Chapter 16 Obstetric Care for the Woman with Diabetes Tamara C. Takoudes, MD Chapter 17 Medical Management of Preexisting diabetes in Pregnancy Angelina L. Trujillo, MD Lorena Wright, MD Lois Jovanovic, MD Chapter 18 Use of ultrasound in the metabolic management of gestational diabetes and pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy Ute Schaefer-Graf, MD Chapter 19 Preeclampsia Allison L. Cohen, MD S. Ananth Karumanchi, MD Chapter 20 The Infant of the Diabetic Mother: metabolic Imprinting Janet K. Snell-Bergeron, PhD Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD Chapter 21 The Genetic Basis of Diabetes Hui-Qi Qu, PhD Constantin Polychronakos, MD Chapter 22 Breastfeeding and Diabetes Julie Scott Taylor, MD, MSc, IBCLC Melissa Nothnagle, MD Susanna R. Magee, MD, MPH, FAAFP, CLC Chapter 23 Management of Disease in Women with Diabetes Catherine Kim, MD, MPH