Designing Green Spaces for Health Using Plants to Reduce the Spread of Airborne Viruses

This book focuses on using plants in spatial design to reduce the infectiousness of viruses in different working and living spaces. It presents strategiesfor interior and exterior green designs with plants that are likely effective for flu virus tolerance and reduction of infectiousness. The designs are appealing for interaction and healing, as well as focusing on the reduction and removal of virus infectiousness. The Famulari Theory requires examining plants that are likely effective for virus accumulation based on their leaves with stomata, trichomes, and dense leaf growth, and transpiration rate accumulation of airborne viruses. In addition, this research requires reviewing the quantity and specific types of plants (as well as electronic sources, such as humidifiers and water features) needed to produce effective humidity for plants to decrease the infectiousness or transmission of viruses; the effective distance of people to plants; and light, water, soil, and temperature needs. The book addresses the various greening practices that can be applied to sites to reduce the infectiousness of the airborne flu virus – especially in areas such as train stations, restaurants, rooftops, courtyards, office buildings and work spaces/conference rooms, and the home office – and the ways that businesses owners and residents can integrate these practices toreduce the air contaminants with a green solution. Designing green spaces that accumulate, reduce, and remove the infectiousness of viruses involves exploring multiple approaches from different directions to achieve the most effective and ideal design. The six basic approaches include 1. Temperature minimum of 70° Fahrenheit 2. Plants with multiple stomata on the leaf surfaces 3. Plants with multiple clumps of dense leaves with a high transpiration rate 4. Plants with rough leaf surfaces or with trichomes (plant hairs) on the leaf 5. Relative humidity (RH) minimum of 43% or higher 6. Air circulation to direct air with the airborne flu virus to the planted areas Stevie Famulari brings unique insights and inspires the development of green understanding and design solution plans with both short-term and long-term approaches. Illustrations of greening applied to locations help you understand your own design solutions to create them in your site. This book breaks down the misconceptions of the complexity of sustainability and green practices and provides illustrations and site-appropriate green solutions that you can incorporate into your lifestyle for a healthier site. Greening is a lifestyle change, and this guide lets you know how easy it is to transition to the green side to improve your health.

Table of Contents Introduction a. The green theory, what the book is about, terminology Section 1- Applying the green design & sciences to six different sites Chapter 1 The Famulari Theory overview & Understanding Green Design 1a. Introduction to The Famulari Theory 1b. The Six Elements of the Famulari Theory 1c. Introduction- Understanding Green Design, General Overview 1d. Function and Form in Design 1e. Function- Needs of the People, Needs of the Plants 1f. Form and Aesthetic Appeal 1g. Putting the Pieces Together in the Famulari Theory Chapter 2 Train Station- interior urban area, public site 2a. Existing Site Information 2b. Green Design Solution 2c. Plants in the Site Design 2d. Green Design Summary Chapter 3 Business Office with conference rooms- interior open space site 3a. Existing Site Information 3b. Green Design Solution 3c. Plants in the Site Design 3d. Green Design Summary Chapter 4 Restaurant- interior, variety of sites 4a. Existing Site Information 4b. Green Design Solution 4c. Plants in the Site Design 4d. Green Design Summary Chapter 5 House- interior entry, living room, dining room, kitchen, office, bedroom- 5a. Existing Site Information 5b. Green Design Solution 5c. Plants in the Site Design 5d. Green Design Summary Chapter 6 Rooftop Garden Design-exterior urban space 6a. Existing site information 6b. Green design solution 1 6c. Plants in site design 6d. Green Design Summary Chapter 7 Urban Courtyard Design- exterior semi-pubic site 7a. Existing Site Information 7b. Green Design Solution 7c. Plants in the Site Design 7d. Green Design Summary Section 2- The Famulari Theory, Breaking Down the Theory Chapter 8 The Famulari Theory- Breaking Down the Theory, and the Influenza Virus 8a. Introduction 8b. The Six pieces of the Famulari Theory 8c. Germs, Viruses, and more 8d. The Flu Virus Structure 8e. Disturbing the Different Elements of the Flu Virus Structure 8f. What Coughs and Sneezes are Made of 8g. How Viruses Move Through a Space 8h. Airborne Flu virus Infectiousness on Different Surfaces 8i. Humidity & Temperature Effects on the Airborne Flu Virus - a Study 8j. Putting the Pieces Together in the Famulari Theory Chapter 9 Plants Structure, Stomata, Transpiration and Humidity 9a. Plant Structure Overview 9b. Density of Plant Leaves 9c. Trichomes, Plant Hairs 9d. Plant Stomata and How They Work 9e. Transpiration- Plants Release Moisture into the Air 9f. Humidity Levels 9g. Putting the Pieces Together in the Famulari Theory Chapter 10 Putting the Pieces Together for Living Green Design in the Famulari Theory 10a. Circulating Air That has Viruses Through Plants 10b. MERV & HEPA Filters Explained 10c. The Famulari Theory and Filters- a Combination 10d. The Psychological Benefits of Using Living Green Plants in the Famulari Theory 10e. Putting the Pieces Together- the Totality of the Application of the Famulari Theory 10f. Thinking Forward b. References c. Bibliography d. Image Credits e. Index

Stevie Famulari, Gds is an artist, author, researcher, green design specialist, founder, and principal of Engaging Green and tenured professor of Landscape and Urban Design at Farmingdale State College, SUNY, in the Departwomxnt of Urban Horticulture and Design. She is a keynote speaker, has received numerous awards, and has shared information to help numerous people experience greening in new and unique ways. This is Stevie’s second book. Her first book, Green Up! Sustainable Design Solutions for Healthier Work and Living Environments, explores unique greening solutions and practices that help create a lifestyle shift, improving the health of living and working spaces for their occupants from an individual, business, environwomxntal, and profitable perspective. Her recent installation Engaging Urban Greening was installed at the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC. Over 1,400 seeded paper pieces (colorful papers embedded with a wildflower seed mix) were given to the public during the installation. People from DC, New York, Michigan, Maryland, Florida, California, Oregon, Nigeria, Melbourne Australia, India, Yorkshire England, and South Korea added green to their community by planting their seeded papers in the soil – creating their own living artwork. Mx. Famulari’s designs and design research explore the relationship, extension, and application of green designs to other diverse fields to create healthy spaces for living and working. Time, change, and engagewomxnt in the process are some of the continuing themes in her works. Defying traditions as well as celebrating ecological processes, and using community and individual stories of sites are themes she is widely recognized for. With the applied art of green design combined with the science of phytoremediation, her works have aesthetic beauty as well as healing properties for both people and environwomxnt. Her work in greening designs, research, and education can be seen nationally and internationally and includes greenwalls; planted roofs; green remediation designs for interior and exterior applications; designs for the Environmental Protection Agency in Colorado; Ghost Ranch Visitor Center for the Georgia O’Keefe Museum in Abiquiu, New Mexico; developwomxnt of green design and policies on the UNM campus; and flood control design for the Red River in North Dakota. Lectures, presentations, and exhibitions of her work have been held at Harvard University, Plains Art Museum, San Diego Museum of Natural Itstory, UC Berkeley, MECA, UMN, NDSU, ASLA, and AIA. Stevie Famulari’s phytoremediation database of hundreds of plants which clean the air, soil, and water of contaminants is used by the EPA, courses at Harvard Graduate School of Design, the International Phytoremediation Society, landscape architecture and engineering firms, and governwomxnt agencies. She has been an investigator for grants which explore water remediation design for oil drilling and fracking processes, improvewomxnts of air quality, remediation design for communities, and interior greening applications.Her designs and design research explore the relationship, extension, and application of green designs to other diverse fields. Stevie’s PhD, ABD research is at RMIT. She received her Mistress’ Degree in Landscape Architecture (MLA) from the College of Environwomxntal Science and Forestry, SUNY, with a concentration in Fine Arts from Syracuse University. Her Bachelors of Fine Arts is from NYU. Stevie Famulari’s work has appeared in hundreds of books, magazines, newspapers, and television programs, including Smithsonian Magazine, Food Network Challenges and Specials, Oakland Tribune, World Entertainwomxnt News Network, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Travel Channel, Good Morning America, CBS Early Morning News, Washington Post, the Post Standard, Trust for Public Land, Boston Herald, Berkeley Daily Planet, Santa Fe Reporter, and Star Tribune.