Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes

Combining a theoretical background with engineering practice, Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes covers the conceptual and detailed design of composite bridges in accordance with the Eurocodes. Bridge design is strongly based on prescriptive normative rules regarding loads and their combinations, safety factors, material properties, analysis methods, required verifications, and other issues that are included in the codes. Composite bridges may be designed in accordance with the Eurocodes, which have recently been adopted across the European Union. This book centers on the new design rules incorporated in the EN-versions of the Eurocodes. The book addresses the design for a majority of composite bridge superstructures and guides readers through the selection of appropriate structural bridge systems. It introduces the loads on bridges and their combinations, proposes software supported analysis models, and outlines the required verifications for sections and members at ultimate and serviceability limit states, including fatigue and plate buckling, as well as seismic design of the deck and the bearings. It presents the main types of common composite bridges, discusses structural forms and systems, and describes preliminary design aids and erection methods. It provides information on railway bridges, but through the design examples makes road bridges the focal point. This text includes several design examples within the chapters, explores the structural details, summarizes the relevant design codes, discusses durability issues, presents the properties for structural materials, concentrates on modeling for global analysis, and lays down the rules for the shear connection. It presents fatigue analysis and design, fatigue load models, detail categories, and fatigue verifications for structural steel, reinforcement, concrete, and shear connectors. It also covers structural bearings and dampers, with an emphasis on reinforced elastomeric bearings. The book is appropriate for structural engineering students, bridge designers or practicing engineers converting from other codes to Eurocodes.

Introduction General List of symbols Types of steel–concrete composite bridges General Composite bridges: The concept Highway bridges Railway bridges Construction forms Erection methods Concreting sequence Execution Innovation in composite bridge engineering References Design codes Eurocodes National annexes References Actions Classification of actions Traffic loads on road bridges Actions for accidental design situations Actions on pedestrian parapets and railings Load models for abutments and walls in contact with earth Traffic loads on railway bridges Temperature Wind Earthquake References Basis of design General Limit state design Ultimate limit state (ULS) Serviceability limit state (SLS) Safety factors of resistances Durability References Structural materials Concrete Structural steel Reinforcing steel Prestressing steel Bolts Stud shear connectors References Modeling and methods for global analysis Global analysis models Effective width of wide flanges due to shear lag Cross-sectional properties Effects of the rheological behavior of concrete on structural systems Models for slab analysis and design in transverse direction Finite element models for global analysis References Buckling of plated elements Introduction Elastic critical stress Strength of plates Design by the reduced stress method Effective width method Member verification for axial compression and bending Resistance to shear Resistance to concentrated transverse forces Interaction Flange-induced buckling Design of stiffeners and detailing References Ultimate limit states Classification of cross sections Resistance to tension: Allowance for fastener holes in bending capacity Resistance of steel members and cross sections to compression Resistance to shear due to vertical shear and torsion Resistance to bending of steel cross sections Interaction of bending with shear for steel cross sections Class 1 and 2 cross sections Cross sections with class 3 webs that may be treated as class 2 sections (hole-in-web method) Class 3 cross sections Class 4 cross sections that are treated as class 3 cross sections Class 4 cross sections Class 4 cross sections composed of the flanges Lateral torsional buckling Design of the concrete deck slab References Serviceability limit states Introduction Stress analysis and limitations Cracking of concrete Web breathing Deflections Vibrations References Fatigue General Fatigue resistance to constant amplitude loading Fatigue resistance to variable amplitude loading Detail categories Fatigue load models and simplified fatigue analysis Fatigue verification for structural steel Fatigue verification for headed studs Fatigue verification for reinforcing steel Fatigue verification for concrete Possibilities of omitting fatigue assessment Residual stresses and postweld treatment References Shear connection Introduction Resistance and detailing of headed stud shear connectors Longitudinal shear for elastic behavior Longitudinal shear for inelastic behavior Longitudinal shear due to concentrated forces Longitudinal shear in concrete slabs Shear connection of composite closed box bridges References Structural bearings, dampers, and expansion joints General Reinforced elastomeric bearings Spherical bearings Pot bearings Seismic isolation Anchorage of bearings Calculation of movements and support reactions Bearing schedules, support plans, and installation drawings Fluid viscous dampers Friction devices Expansion joints References Index

Ioannis Vayas is professor and director of the Institute of Steel Structures at the National Technical University of Athens. He graduated in civil engineering at the same university and received his Dr-Ing from the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany, and his welding engineering specialization from SLV Hannover, Germany. He has been involved in research, national and European codification, and consultancy on steel structures and bridges for over 30 years. Aristidis Iliopoulos is a structural engineer and received his Dr-Ing from Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. He has participated in numerous projects such as longspan roofs, steel–concrete composite bridges, and steel buildings in seismic areas. He is also a member of the CEN/TC 250/SC3 and CEN/TC 250/SC4 Working Groups for steel and composite bridges.