Complete Crime Scene Investigation Workbook

This specially developed workbook can be used in conjunction with the Complete Crime Scene Investigation Handbook (ISBN: 978-1-4987-0144-0) in group training environments, or for individuals looking for independent, step-by-step self-study guide. It presents an abridged version of the Handbook, supplying both students and professionals with the most critical points and extensive hands-on exercises for skill enhancement. Filled with more than 350 full-color images, the Complete Crime Scene Investigation Workbook walks readers through self-tests and exercises they can perform to practice and improve their documentation, collection, and processing techniques.Most experienced crime scene investigators will tell you that it is virtually impossible to be an expert in every aspect of crime scene investigations. If you begin to "specialize" too soon, you risk not becoming a well-rounded crime scene investigator. Establishing a complete foundation to the topic, the exercises in this workbook reinforce the concepts presented in the Handbook with a practical, real-world application.As a crime scene investigator, reports need to be more descriptive than they are at the patrol officer level. This workbook provides a range of scenarios around which to coordinate multiple exercises and lab examples, and space is provided to write descriptions of observations. The book also supplies step-by-step, fully illustrative photographs of crime scene procedures, protocols, and evidence collection and testing techniques. This lab exercise workbook is ideal for use in conjunction with the Handbook, both in group training settings, as well as a stand-alone workbook for individuals looking for hands-on self-study. It is a must-have resource for crime scene technicians, investigators, and professionals who want a complete manual of crime scene collection and processing techniques.

INTRODUCTIONThe Investigative TeamThe Initial Responding Officer Natural Boundary Artificial Boundary Start a Crime Scene LogThe Crime Scene Investigator Goals of the Crime Scene InvestigatorThe DetectiveThe AnalystThe ProsecutorThe Defense AttorneyThe Crime Scene Analyst/ReconstructionistExercisesForensic Search and SeizureDo We Have the Right to Be at the Scene? The Fourth Amendment.Legal Means to Process Scene ConsentSearch Incident to ArrestExigent CircumstancesSearch Warrant Search Warrant ReturnsCourt OrderExceptions to the Warrant RequirementsForensic EvidenceExercisesDOCUMENTATIONNote-Taking ExercisesPurpose of DocumentationNote TakingTask Lists/To-do ListsField Notes Note CategoriesExercisesPhotography ExercisesUses of PhotographyPhotographic TermsPhoto Exercise Cropping or Magnification FactorFilesExposure Compensation ButtonPhoto Exercise Shooting ModesAdditional EquipmentPhoto Exercise Photo Exercise ExposureLightLighting AnglesDistances Camera Distance Light Distance Light Source Closest to Camera The Importance of Light Using Direct ReflectionsPhoto Exercises Additional Lighting ConsiderationsPhoto ExercisesPhoto LogFlash PhotographyPhoto ExercisesSketching ExercisesUses of Sketches and Forensic MapsSketch InformationReducing Clutter in SketchAdmissibility of Sketches into CourtTypes of SketchesMeasurement Accuracy of Measuring Devices Use of Landmarks Fixed vs. Nonfixed Measurements Measuring MethodsCreating a Sketch Interval vs. Continual Measuring Method Creating a Final Sketch Making Your Rough Sketch Permanent Three-Dimensional SketchesConclusionExercisesLOCATING EVIDENCESearchingSearches and Search PatternsIntrusiveness of the SearchSpecial ConsiderationsInterior and Exterior SearchesInterior SearchesExterior SearchesVehicle SearchesExercisesAlternate Light SourcesThe Electromagnetic SpectrumQualities of LightAlternate Light SourcesFiltersCamera Filter vs. External Light FilterExercisePhoto Exercise Presumptive Tests and Chemical EnhancementsPresumptive Tests Catalytic Tests Specificity vs. Sensitivity Swab Testing Method Pouch Testing Method Types of Presumptive TestsExercisesPhoto Exercise Chemical EnhancementsExercise Photo Exercise Exercise Photo Exercise Confirmatory Tests for BloodSemenA Note on Shelf LifeLatent Fingerprint DevelopmentIntroductionAttempts to Avoid DetectionFingerprint Characteristics Fingerprint Classification Statistics Fingerprint Detail Fingerprint Makeup A Point of ClarificationUses of FingerprintsThings to Consider before Fingerprinting Age of Latent Fingerprint Prepuberty Considerations Crime Scene Investigator Skill Level Additional Factors to ConsiderThree Categories of Fingerprints Latent Fingerprint Patent or Visible Fingerprint Plastic FingerprintTraining Is ImportantExperimentation at the SceneTypes of Brushes Fiberglass and Animal-Hair Brushes Magnetic BrushesProper Uses of Brushes Fiberglass or Squirrel-Hair Brush Magnetic Brush Fiberglass/Squirrel-Hair Brushes vs. Magnetic Wands Contaminated SurfacesPowders Aluminum Flake Powder Granular Powder Magnetic Powders All Other Powders Powder Studies Colored vs. Black PowdersLifting Latent Fingerprints Clear Lifting Tape Latent Fingerprint Backing Cards Fingerprint Lifting Aids Techniques for Applying Tape to Surfaces Techniques for Attaching Tape to Backing Card Extending a Backing Card Using 2-in. Tape to Make Palm-Sized Tape Trim Ends of Tape Other Techniques for Lifting Latent Fingerprints Incidental Marks on the Lifting TapePowder-Processing MethodsAdditional Fingerprint Development Techniques Visual Examination Ultraviolet Examination Fluorescence ExaminationChemical Processing Cyanoacrylate Method Dye Stains for Post-Cyanoacrylate Fuming Additional Methods Not Discussed Additional Chemical Processing MethodsDeveloping Latent Fingerprints on Paper Evidence Ninhydrin Method DFO 1,2-Indanedione Method Zinc Chloride Method Thermal Paper Additional Methods Not DiscussedDeveloping Latent Fingerprints on Adhesive Side of Tape Sticky-Side Powder Method Wet Wop/Wet Powder Method TapeGlo Method Gentian Violet Method Submitting Tape Additional Methods Not DiscussedDeveloping Latent Fingerprints on Blood-Contaminated Evidence Acid Violet 17 Method Acid Yellow 7 Method Amido Black (Methanol Based) Method Amido Black (Water Based) Method Leucocrystal Violet Method Fuchsin Acid Method Coomassie Blue Method Crowle’s Double-Stain Method DAB Method ABTS MethodDeveloping Latent Fingerprints on Skin Direct-Transfer Method CyanoacrylateDeveloping Latent Fingerprints on Fire-Scene EvidencePhotography Sketches NotesEvidence CollectionFingerprint Flow ChartsReferencesEvidence Collection and PackagingSwabbing TechniquesLiquid SamplesTrace Evidence LifterPaper Bindle or Pharmacists FoldExerciseScrappingEvidence PackagingButcher PaperProperly Sealing PackagesExercise 10.2Chain of CustodyEvidence NumberingTYPES OF EVIDENCEExercises for Physical EvidenceEvidenceCharacteristics of Physical EvidenceClass CharacteristicsIndividual or Identification CharacteristicsLocard’s Exchange PrinciplePhysical Evidence and Investigative QuestionsClothing DocumentationCut ClothingTorn ClothingExercisesExercises for Serological EvidenceTypes of Biological/SerologicalEvidenceDNA IssuesExercisesExercises for Trace EvidenceTrace Evidence Abrasives Adhesives/Calk/Sealant Bank Security Dyes Building Materials Chemicals of Unknown Origin Cigarette and Tobacco Explosives and Explosives Residue Feathers Fibers Glass Hair Lubricants Metals Paint Plants and Plant Materials Polymers Rope/String/ Twine Safe Insulation Soil Tape Wood and Pieces of WoodExercisesExercises for Firearms and Toolmark EvidenceFirearms and Firearm CategoriesSemi-Auto MagazinesAmmunitionRevolversTechnique for Casting the Barrel with Forensic Sil or AccuTransExercise The Gunshot Residue (GSR) KitToolmarks Rubber Casting Durocast™ Technique Mikrosil™ Technique Forensic Sil/AccuTrans TechniqueExercise Photo Exercise Exercises for Footwear Impression EvidenceIntroductionUsefulness of Footwear Impressions Positive and Negative Impressions Mirror Technique Photographing the Impression Impressions in Direct Sunlight May Be Shaded from the Direct Sunlight Photographing the Cast, Electrostatic Lifter, or Gel Lifter Stabilizing the Impression Stabilizing with Hair Spray Stabilizing/Visualizing with Gray Auto-Body Primer Stabilizing/Visualizing with Red Snow Print Wax Preparing the Casting Medium Collection of CastConventional Enhancements Fingerprint PowdersExercisesTire Track Evidence Wheelbase Tire Position in a Turn PhotographyExercisesExercises for Digital EvidenceExercise Photo ExerciseExercises for Injury DocumentationInjury Documentation Open Wounds Closed Wounds Bruising Mongolian Spots Scarring Burns Bite MarksExerciseSPECIAL CONSIDERATIONSExercises for Shooting Scene DocumentationBallisticsProper Documentation of Shooting SceneBullet Defect Labeling Proper Measurements to Document Bullet Defects Locating an Exclusive Secondary Defect Proper Rod Placement Measurements of the Bullet Defect and Trajectory Rod Azimuth or Horizontal Angle Vertical Angle Documenting Bullet Defects Using the Entrance and Exit Defects Shotgun Patterns Vehicle Edge Reference Documenting Bullet Defects Using the Entrance and Exit Defects Ricochets Photography Label Each Bullet Defect Photographing Horizontal and Vertical Measurements Bullet Defects in Glass Photographing Bullet Defects as a Measuring ToolExercisesExercises for Bloodstain DocumentationProper Documentation of BloodstainsBloodstain TerminologyAdditional Terms to Be Aware OfPhoto Documentation Technique for Bloodstains Initial Overall, Midrange, and Close-Up Photographs Label Individual Spatter Patterns Label Individual Stains within Each Spatter Pattern Overall Photographs, Second Set Examination-QualityPhotographsExercisesExercises for Identifying Clandestine Graves and Scattered Human RemainsForensic BotanyForensic Entomology Postmortem Interval (PMI)Geology Hydrogeology Soil Compacti

Everett Baxter Jr. has over 21 years of combined law enforcement experience. Mr. Baxter’s education includes an associate’s degree in applied science (emergency medical technology) from Oklahoma City Community College. As a licensed paramedic in the state of Oklahoma, he also received extensive training in medical emergencies, including instruction in how to identify the mechanism of injury on a human body. As a field paramedic, he gained invaluable experience in determining the mechanism of injury from the auto collisions, shootings, stabbings, assaults, etc., that he responded to as a paramedic. He also has a bachelor of science in chemistry from the University of Oklahoma.Once Mr. Baxter became a member of the Oklahoma City Police Department’s crime scene unit, he was able to put his medical and scientific education to use as an investigator. He continued his training with numerous courses in bloodstain pattern analysis, shooting scene reconstruction, fingerprinting, and forensic mapping.Mr. Baxter currently teaches a basic crime scene investigations course for the Oklahoma City Police Department. He is also an adjunct professor at Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City, where he teaches Technical Investigations, Police Photography, and Basic Bloodstain Pattern Analysis.