Climate Gradients and Biodiversity in Mountains of Italy

This volume gathers case studies on plant diversity from selected, representative mountain systems of Italy (Mediterranean and temperate zones), while also addressing the biodiversity of avian fauna. For the Alps, Wilhalm and Prosser examine the species biodiversity (also with the help of highly detailed location maps) of the sector of the central Alps that corresponds to the basin of the Adige, including some nearby valleys, between the watershed to the north and the Prealps to the south (Alto Adige and Trentino). In turn, Pedrotti investigates the vegetation series of the same territory in relation to the three climatic sectors identified: prealpine, alpine and endoalpine. Aleffi then explores the relationships between the distribution of a number of species of bryophytes and the main mesoclimatic gradients along a transect through the Valle dell’ Adige between 46°40'N and 45°42'N. Lastly, Siniscalco studies the ways in which alien species are now invading the western Alps, which to date have remained largely unaffected by this phenomenon, unlike the plains and hills.

For the Apennines, Ferrari studies the tree line and the biodiversity of the vegetation of the northern Apennines; for the mountains of Sicily, Bazan conducts a diachronic analysis of the beech forests of the Monti Nebrodi.

The contribution by Venanzoni interprets the chorology of associations of the Magnocaricetalia order throughout Italy, relating it to the climatic and geographic gradients. He describes a total of 55 associations, reporting on the distribution in the temperate zone (differentiating between the alpine and continental) and the Mediterranean zone for each of them.

Cianfaglione presents the Signal Project Italian site. This project investigates the effects of extreme weather events on secondary grassland and the role of selected alien species, mowing, biodiversity, productivity and functional traits, in Italy and along a European gradient.

For the Marches Region, Forconi describes the biodiversity of the avian fauna in relation to the altitudinal gradient and the potential vegetation.

1. Floristic Biodiversity in Alto Adige

Franco Pedrotti is a botanist specialized in the study and cartography of vegetation, environmental cartography and ecological planning. He has also worked in conservation of nature and its resources on the technical and scientific level, as well as in its promotion. He served as President of the Italian Botanical Society from 1982 to 1990, and as President of the Association Internationale Francophone de Phytosociologie from 1982 to 2002, and was awarded honorary degrees in Biology from the “Babes-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca and the “A.I. Cuza” University of Iasi (Romania), in Ecology and Biogeography from the University of Palermo (Italy) and in Gearchitecture from University of Brest (France). He taught Botany, Geobotanical Cartography and Conservation of Nature and its Resources at the Universities of Padova, Milan, Catania, Ferrara and Camerino; currently he is Professor Emeritus at the University of Camerino. He published several textbooks for university students of Biology and Natural Sciences on conservation of flora, vegetation, the environment and protected areas.