Climate Change and Water Resources in Africa Perspectives and Solutions Towards an Imminent Water Crisis

The focus of this book is on the key water-related vulnerabilities to climate change in Africa, particularly in its most vulnerable areas, exploring potential management responses to such vulnerabilities.

The African countries are particularly exposed and vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, with important impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, water availability, water resource management and sea level variations. Already, under various anthropogenic pressures, the status of water resources in Africa has been changing over the past decades, with decreasing water quality, falling groundwater levels, and variability in rainfall, both in terms of timing and intensity. Climate change will further accelerate the rate of change, affecting the ability of people and societies to respond in a timely manner. 

It is clear that there is no quick fix to the pressures imposed on water resources by climate change. Increasing the resilience of ecosystems and communities to extreme events such as flooding and drought, and integrating climate change risks and opportunities into development decision-making is indeed a key challenge, as much a technical climate-change one, as a political and developmental challenge. 

The book, in this regard, intends to contribute to the debate around climate change in relation to water resources management in Africa, and in particular inform policy decisions and actions that will improve governments’ and communities’ ability to manage the challenges of climate change and variability in relation to the aquatic ecosystems that they depend on. The knowledge collected in this book will benefit policy makers, researchers, as well as other stakeholders. 

Dedication.- Citations.- Foreword by Felix D. Dakora.- Foreword by Daniel Nyanganyura.- Preface.- Acknowledgement to Peer Reviewers.- Authors and Contributors.- About the Editors.- Chapter 1: Introduction: Water Resource Management within the Climate Change Context in Africa: Synthesis, Key Findings and Future Challenges.- Chapter 2: Africa-wide trends in development and water resources through a climate change lens.- Chapter 3: Water Resource Availability and Quality in the North Africa Region under Climate Change.- Chapter 4: Climate Change and Water Resources in West Africa: A Case Study of Ivory Coast, Benin, Burkina Faso and Senegal.- Chapter 5: Climate change impact on hydrological regimes and extreme events in southern Africa.- Chapter 6: Historic climatic variability and change: the importance of managing Holocene and Late Pleistocene groundwater in the Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa.- Chapter 7: A framework for IWRM in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus for the Senegal River Delta.- Chapter 8: Cumulative Impacts of Climate Change Variability around the Goronyo Dam in the Iullemmeden Basin, Northwest Nigeria.- Chapter 9: Lentic-Lotic Water System Response to Anthropogenic and Climatic Factors in Kenya and their Sustainable Management.- Chapter 10: Hydrology and climate impacts on streamflow and sediment yield in the Nyando River Basin, Kenya.- Chapter 11: Saharan agriculture in the Algerian oasis: limited adaptation to environmental, social and economic changes.- Chapter 12: Water management policy for freshwater security in the context of climate change in Senegal.- Chapter 13: Assessment of Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on the Diarha Watershed.- Chapter 14: Water resources in the Sahel and adaptation of agriculture to climate change: Burkina Faso.- Chapter 15: Impacts of climate change on water resources in the Volta River Basin: reducing vulnerability and enhancing livelihoods and sustainable development.- Chapter 16: Potential Transboundary Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam under Climate Change and Variability.- Chapter 17: Strengthening flood and drought risk management tools for the Lake Chad basin.- Chapter 18: Developing a Framework for the Water-Energy-Food Nexus in South Africa.- Chapter 19:Mainstreaming Climate Change into Transboundary River Basins: a SADC Regional Case Study.- Chapter 20: Does the use of local knowledge in complex systems reduce vulnerability to climate change? Insights from nexus water management in the Niger basin.- Chapter 21: Proposed research, science, technology and innovation to address current and future challenges of climate change and water resource management in Africa.- Index. 

Professor Salif Diop has worked at the United Nations, in UNEP’s Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), for the past 16 years as Senior Officer. His water expertise is in coastal oceanography, freshwater assessment, aquatic and marine issues, sustainable management and development. He earned a Third Cycle Doctorate in 1978 from The University Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg, France, and a State Doctorate in 1986. He served a yearlong sabbatical as a Senior Fulbright Scholar in the Division of Biological and Living Resources at The Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences of the University of Miami, Division of Biological and Living Resources, in 1986/87. He is a member of multiple expert and working groups, including at numerous scientific and research institutions. He has published more than 40 peer reviewed articles and seven books as main author or co-author, and was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize Certificate in 2007 for his contributions to the IPCC. In addition to his research articles, he has also contributed 140 technical documents, research reports, monographs, theses, abstracts and book reviews. He is currently a University Professor, and has served as one of the Vice-Chairs of the International Lakes Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC) Scientific Committee since November, 2016 and member of the High Level Panel Expert Group for a Sustainable Ocean Economy related to the Sustainable Ocean Initiative of the World Resources Institute since Sept 2019. He was named a Member of the National Academy of Sciences and Techniques of Senegal in 2006, a Member of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS) in 2009 and a Member of The World Academy of Sciences for the Advancement of Sciences in the Developing Countries (TWAS) in October 2010.

Dr. Peter Scheren has been engaged in research, assessment and management of both freshwater and marine ecosystems across Africa for over 25 years, in various parts of the continent. His passion is to bring the science, knowledge and capacity for understanding of such systems together to guide policy, strategy and governance systems that will help safeguard the ecosystem functions and values that strengthen the nature and the people that depend on them. He is the author and editor of many publications in this field. Peter Scheren holds a PhD from the University of Eindhoven and the University of Wageningen in the Netherlands, with a focus on Integrated Environmental Assessment of Water Systems. He has worked for various research institutions, consultancy offices and international organizations, and has managed several large-scale freshwater and marine programs in Africa for WWF, UN Environment, UNIDO and UNDP. He is currently active as a freelance consultant, based in France, supporting the development of a range of strategic, transformational projects and programs for WWF in their various fields of work across Africa.

Dr. Awa Niang is an Associate Professor of Continental Hydrology at Cheikh Anta Diop University, in Dakar, Senegal. She holds a First doctoral thesis from Cheikh Anta Diop University, with a focus on water quality management of Guiers Lake (Senegal River Delta). In 2014, she also earned a PhD on recent hydrological and morphological changes in the Senegal River Estuary. Her recent work focuses on vulnerability and resilience of the coastal social-ecosystems of the Senegal River Estuary. She participates in various projects and programs dealing with Integrated Water Resource Management, remote sensing applied to water resources and environmental management, and coastal and estuarine studies. She contributes to the design, implementation and management of the Doctorate School on Water Quality and Uses that oversees NEPAD’s West African network of Centers of Excellence on Water Sciences and Technologies. She leads the scientific Secretariat and communications of the doctoral school since its creation in 2008. She is now coordinating doctoral studies on continental hydrology and integrated water resource management. In the academic year 2018-2019, A. Niang was appointed as technical adviser to the Ministry of Research, Higher Education and Innovation of Senegal, in charge of Academic Affairs.