Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Changes after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: An Update Clinical Implications, Experimental Findings, Challenges and Future Directions

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The Concept of the BBB: A Historical Perspective.- Anatomy of the BBB.- Pathophysiology of BBB.- Brain Oedema.- Breakdown of the BBB.- BBB Dysfunction after SAH.- Clinical Monitoring.- Neuroradiological Findings of BBB Dysfunction after SAH.- Computerised Tomography and Magnetic Resonance SPECT and PET.- Experimental Data.- Literature Review of BBB Dysfunction after Experimental SAH.- Qualitative Assessments of BBB Dysfunction after SAH.- Quantitative Assessments of BBB Dysfunction.- Time Course of BBB Dysfunction after SAH.- Additional Pathophysiological Changes after SAH.- Strategies for Pharmacological Intervention.- Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger AVS.- Glutamate Antagonist Felbamate.- Calpain Inhibitor II.- Challenges and Future Direction.- Advances in Cerebrovascular Pathophysiology.- Gene Therapy.- References.