Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles Molecular and Cellular Aspects and Methodological Approaches

In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine.

Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

1.     Manufacturing (methods) and characterization (with respect to

 1.1     Metal and oxide nanoparticles (Au, Ag, ZnO, SPIOs, Silica…..)             

 (M. Epple et al., C. Graf, E. Rühl, St. Barcikowski) 

  1.2    Quantum dots and quantum rods

         (A. Eychmüller, H. Weller et al. )

   1.3     Carbon nano tubes

    (M. Kappes, KIT)

 1.4   Polymer particles

        (K. Landfester et al.)

       1.5   Surface functionalized and complex ligand shell particles

       (W. Parak et al.)

    1.6   Stability of NP emulsions and particle agglomeration

        (M. Maskos, M. Epple, H. Hoffmann (EPFL Lausanne))

 2     Interactions of nanoparticles with proteins

 2.1    Formation, growth dynamics and stabilities of protein coronae

(G. U. Nienhaus et al.)

2.2  Protein selectivity in protein adsorption

        (R. Tenzer, R. Stauber)

       (Iseult Lynch (U. Birmingham) et al.)

 3.1    Transport across air-liquid interfaces

     (C.M. Lehr, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharma. Forsch., Saarbrücken, H.J. Galla, Münster)

    3.2     Cellular uptake mechanisms (including adhesive interactions and

         3D Fluorescence Microscopy)

(B. Rothen et al., G.U. Nienhaus)

 3.3     The role of particle surface charge and membrane elasticity in membrane

 transfer

   3.4  Localization in cells and sub-cellular compartments using state-of-

          the-art imaging techniques incl. super-resolution microscopy

          (E. Rühl, C. Graf…..)

4      Cellular responses and health effects

4.1     Cellular defense, ROS formation and cytotoxicity

(V. Stone, Heriot-Watt Edinburgh)

4.2   The inflammasome

         (K. Landfester, V. Mailänder)

        4.3    Interactions with lung cells, fate and translocations

         (B. Rothen et al. Fribourg (CH))

 4.4    Interactions with skin cells and skin

        (J. Lademann et al.)

 4.5    Fate and translocations in GI track

      4.5    Nanomedicine