Beyond Invisible Walls The Psychological Legacy of Soviet Trauma, East European Therapists and Their Patients

When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, Westerners watched those who had survived the era of Soviet trauma emerge into what we hoped would be the exhilarating light of freedom. What we have witnessed, however, is a slow and painful process of progression and regression, of hope and disillusionment, of unexpected psychological barriers: invisible walls that block the progress we had hoped for. In Beyond Invisible Walls, East European therapists, themselves, draw a compelling picture of the waves of trauma that their people endured, the institutions of trauma that remained well after Stalin's era, and their impact on survivors and their families. They describe the psychological remnants of those years: walls that confine people by unconsciously preserving old adaptations to political terror, walls that divide one part of the mind from another, and walls that rise between one generation and the next. These therapists' stories allow us a striking glimpse into how patients' trauma evokes the therapists' own wounds; how both speaker and empathic listener find their way to a healing process, how the two begin to dismantle these invisible walls.

Contributors, Acknowledgments, Preface, 1. Editors' Introduction, 2. Legacy of Trauma and Loss, 3. Hungary: Replacing a Missing Stone, 4. German Democratic Republic: Absorbing the Sins of the Fathers, 5. Romania: A Time of Yielding, 6. Russia: An Emptiness Within, 7. Croatia: Old Scars, New Wounds, 8. Armenia: Aftershocks, 9. Invisible Walls, 10. History as Trauma, Afterword, Glossary, References, Index

Jacob D. Lindy, MD, is Training and Supervising Analyst and past Director of the Cincinnati Psychoanalytic Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is also co-director of the University of Cincinnati Traumatic Stress Study Center and guest teacher at institutes in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia. Robert Jay Lifton, MD, is a leader in the study of trauma and history in the twentieth century and the author of numerous books on the psychological dimension of historical events. He is in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.