Behavioral Research and Analysis An Introduction to Statistics within the Context of Experimental Design, Fourth Edition

Now in its fourth edition, Behavioral Research and Analysis: An Introduction to Statistics within the Context of Experimental Design presents an overview of statistical methods within the context of experimental design. It covers fundamental topics such as data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, and communication of findings. New in the Fourth Edition: Extensive improvements based on suggestions from those using this book in the classroom Statistical procedures that have been developed and validated since the previous edition Each chapter in the body now contains relevant key words, chapter summaries, key word definitions, and end of chapter exercises (with answers) Revisions to include recent changes in the APA Style Manual When looking for a book for their own use, the authors found none that were totally suitable. They found books that either reviewed the basics of behavioral research and experimental design but provided only cursory coverage of statistical methods or they provided coverage of statistical methods with very little coverage of the research context within which these methods are used. No single resource provided coverage of methodology, statistics, and communication skills. In a classic example of necessity being the mother of invention, the authors created their own. This text is ideal for a single course that reviews research methods, essential statistics through multi-factor analysis of variance, and thesis (or major project) preparation without discussion of derivation of equations, probability theory, or mathematic proofs. It focuses on essential information for getting a research project completed without prerequisite math or statistics training. It has been revised many times to help students at a variety of academic levels (exceptional high school students, undergraduate honors students, masters students, doctoral students, and post-doctoral fellows) across varied academic disciplines (e.g., human factors and ergonomics, behavioral and social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, exercise and sport sciences, business and management, industrial hygiene and safety science, health and medical sciences, and more). Illustrating how to plan, prepare, conduct, and analyze an experimental or research report, the book emphasizes explaining statistical procedures and interpreting obtained results without discussing the derivation of equations or history of the method. Destined to spend more time on your desk than on the shelf, the book will become the single resource you reach for again and again when conducting scientific research and reporting it to the scientific community. Illustrates how to plan, conduct, analyze, and prepare an experimental or research report Includes new statistical procedures that have been developed and validated since the previous edition Incorporates SAS in the exercises at the end of each chapter Takes into account the changes in the APA guidebook Provides new examples in exercise and sport science, public health, gerontology, and biomedical areas Solutions manual available upon qualifying course adoption

Overview of Scientific ResearchKey WordsWhat Is Science?Scientific MethodGoals, Principles, and Assumptions of ScienceFive Basic Approaches to Scientific ResearchSummaryKey Word DefinitionsReferencesExercisesExercise AnswersMethods of Describing DataKey WordsSamples and PopulationsConsideration of Numbers in StatisticsGraphical Methods of DescriptionUnivariate Frequency DistributionSummaryKey Word DefinitionsReferencesExercisesExercise AnswersBivariate Descriptive StatisticsKey WordsBivariate Frequency DistributionsCorrelation: The Pearson rOther Correlation CoefficientsPrediction and Concept of RegressionSummaryKey Word DefinitionsReferencesExercisesExercise AnswersSimple Experimental DesignsKey WordsIntroduction to Inferential StatisticsStatistical Hypothesis TestingTwo Randomized Groups Designs: t-Test for Independent SamplesTwo Matched Groups and Repeated Measures Designs: t-Test for Correlated DataNonparametric AnalysisTesting for Significance of CorrelationSummaryKey Word DefinitionsReferencesExercisesExercise AnswersSimple Analysis of VarianceKey WordsMore Than Two Treatments DesignsSingle-Factor (Simple) Analysis of VarianceANOVA for More Than Two Randomized Groups DesignANOVA for Repeated Measures DesignPost Hoc Analyses: Multiple Comparisons Among MeansSummaryKey Word DefinitionsReferencesExercisesExercise AnswersMultifactor Analysis of VarianceKey WordsRationale for Factorial DesignsFactorial DesignsNested DesignsTypes of Analysis of Variance DesignsBetween-Groups DesignsBetween-Groups (Random Blocks) Two-Factor ANOVA DesignsWithin-Subjects (Repeated Measures) Two-Factor ANOVA DesignsMixed Two-Factor ANOVA DesignsSummaryKey Word DefinitionsReferencesExercisesExercise AnswersPlanning, Conducting, and Reporting ResearchKey WordsPlanning and Conducting StudyTechniques for Controlling Extraneous VariablesConducting an ExperimentWriting Research ReportMethodResultsDiscussionSummaryReferencesSummaryKey Word DefinitionsReferencesExercisesExercise AnswersAppendix A: Statistical TablesAppendix B: Glossary of Statistical Terms, Equations, and SymbolsAppendix C: Statistical EquationsIndex

Max Vercruyssen, PhD, is the director of Hawaii Academy, a private school for lifetime fitness, gymnastics, and human sciences, where he also serves as chair of the research department and as head coach of the school’s elitelevel trampoline gymnastics teams. For the past 15 years, Dr. Vercruyssen has reduced his research activities so that he and his wife, Dr. Donna Mah, could coach their four daughters in national and international championships.He holds a bachelor’s degree in experimental psychology; master’s degrees in experimental and physiological psychology, exercise and sport sciences, and public health; a PhD in neuromuscular control, and pursued postdoctoral training to earn advanced certificates in ergonomics and gerontology. Most of his advanced statistics training was under Paul A. Games (Pennsylvania State University) and as required for experimental psychology, biostatistics, and longitudinal studies of aging. At the University of Southern California (USC), Dr. Vercruyssen served as assistant professor of human factors and ergonomics, director of the Human Factors Laboratory, and codirector of the Laboratory of Attention and Motor Performance in the Andrus Gerontology Center. He also helped develop the university’s ergonomics graduate degree programs and mentored the first ergonomics majors in safety science. At the University of Hawaii, he was an associate professor in psychology, gerontology, and geriatric medicine. During the 1990s, Dr. Vercruyssen was also a research associate at the University of Minnesota’s Center for Transportation Research, Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems, and a distinguished fellow of gerontechnology at the Technical University of Eindhoven, Netherlands. Dr. Vercruyssen authored or coauthored over 200 refereed publications and presented papers at international scientific and technical conferences. Nine years of his university appointments involved teaching experimental research and statistics courses and mentoring thesis students (the practical need that resulted in developing this book). His students have received national research awards and his athletes have held many national and world championship titles. His current challenge is to make required statistics training palatable for students who may not enjoy or want to study mathematics—ven those with statistophobia—s well as for those with great ambitions for academic achievement.Hal W. Hendrick, PhD, was emeritus professor of human factors and ergonomics at the University of Southern California. He held a BA in psychology from Ohio Wesleyan University, an MS in human factors, and a PhD in industrial psychology from Purdue University. Dr. Hendrick studied statistics and experimental design with APA Past President Professor Robert Perloff and Professor Ben Winer, the “guru” of behavioral research and analysis of his time. For six years, Dr. Hendrick developed and taught a course in statistics and experimental design at the United States Air Force Academy and for 19 years, a similar graduate-level course at USC.Dr. Hendrick was a past chair of USC’s Human Factors Department, former executive director of the university’s Institute of Safety and Systems Management, and a former college dean at the University of Denver. He was a certified professional ergonomist, a diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Examiners, and a fellow of the American Psychological Society, the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES), the International Ergonomics Association (IEA), the American College of Forensic Examiners, and a charter member and fellow of the Association for Psychological Science. He was a past president of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, the International Ergonomics Association, the Foundation for Professional Ergonomics, and was a founding member and past president of the Board of Certification in Profession Ergonomics.Dr. Hendrick was a recipient of USC’s highest award for teaching excellence, the IEA Distinguished Service Award, the HFES Arnold M. Small President’s Distinguished Service Award, the Jack A. Kraft Innovator Award, and the Alexander C. Williams, Jr. Design Award. Dr. Hendrick had over 45 years of experience as a human factors and ergonomics and industrial and organizational psychologist practitioner, educator, program administrator, and consultant. He was the author or coauthor of over 200 professional publications and three textbooks, and has edited or coedited 10 books, including the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods (CRC Press, 2005). Dr. Hendrick conceptualized and initiated the human factors subdiscipline of macroergonomics. He held a regular commission in the U.S. Air Force (Lt. Col., USAF ret). He and his wife, Mary, lived in Colorado and spent the winters in Hawaii.