Agricultural Policy of the United States Historic Foundations and 21st Century Issues

This book serves as a foundational reference of U.S. land settlement and early agricultural policy, a comprehensive journey through the evolution of 20^th century agricultural policy, and a detailed guide to the key agricultural policy issues of the early 21^st century. This book integrates the legal, economic and political concepts and ideas that guided U.S. agricultural policy from colonial settlement to the 21^st century, and it applies those concepts to the policy issues agriculture will face over the next generation.

The book is organized into three sections.  Section one introduces the main themes of the book, explores the pre-Columbian period and early European settlement, and traces the first 150 years of U.S. agricultural policy starting with the post revolution period and ending with the “golden age” of agriculture in the early 20^th century.  Section two outlines that grand bargain of the 1930s that initiated the modern era of government intervention into agricultural markets and traces this policy evolution to the early days of the 21^st century.  The third section provides an in-depth examination of six policy issues that dominate current policy discussions and will impact policy decisions for the next generation: trade, environment/conservation, commodity checkoff programs, crop insurance, biofuels, and domestic nutrition programs.

1. Introduction
2. Native American and Colonial Agriculture
3. Land Distribution and the Expansion of the American Landscape
4. Opening up the American West
5. Water Access and Immigration Issues
6. Public Sector Institutions, Education, and Innovation
7. Infrastructure Investments
8. Golden Age of US Agriculture
9. Food Safety Laws
10. Bringing Equity to Agricultural Input and Output Markets
11. Coping with Twin Shocks
12. Early Federal Policy Responses
13. US Policy During and After World War II
14. Supply Control While Expanding Demand
15. Government Stockholding
16. The New Global Environment: 1996-2004
17. Most Recent Farm Bills: 2008-2018
18. Policy Spotlight: Agricultural Trade Policy
19. Policy Spotlight: Conservation and Environmental Policy
20. Policy Spotlight: Commodity Promotion Programs
21. Policy Spotlight: The Federal Crop Insurance Program
22. Policy Spotlight: Federal Biofuels Policy
23. Policy Spotlight: Domestic Nutrition Programs
24. Conclusions

Stephanie A. Mercier is Senior Policy Adviser at the Farm Journal Foundation, USA.  From 1997 to 2011, she served as a chief economist for the Democratic staff of the Senate Agriculture Committee. Previously, she served as team leader for the Trade Policy and Programs area of the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In her nine years at ERS, she worked on both domestic commodity programs and trade policy issues. On the Hill, she covered a wide variety of issues for the Committee, among them domestic farm programs, climate change, risk management policy, international agricultural trade, agricultural development, and food aid policy.

Steve A. Halbrook is a recently retired Professor of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness at the University of Arkansas. Dr. Halbrook spent most of his career in government, private industry and the not-for-profit world, at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, United States Department of Agriculture, National Dairy Promotion and Research Board and Farm Foundation. In private law practice, he represented numerous dairy cooperatives in the Midwest. In all of these roles he worked with stakeholders, public officials and social scientists across the country to find innovative ways to address issues of importance to agriculture and rural communities.