Accident/Incident Prevention Techniques. Second Edition

Published more than ten years ago, the first edition of Accident/Incident Prevention Techniques provided clear, comprehensive guidance on how to mitigate the cost, in personnel and to the bottom line, of accidents/incidents in the workplace. Significantly revised and updated, this Second Edition takes its place as the A to Z hands-on guide to the responsibilities, principles, tools, and techniques involved in accident investigative planning and preparation. Written by safety expert Charles D. Reese, the book details tried and true techniques that have been used by the occupational safety and health community for many years. It also presents the best theoretical methods to help those responsible for occupational safety develop the best prevention initiative for them and their workforce. Based on the premise that all businesses and industries must face the reality that occupational accidents and illnesses will transpire and the results of these events will have a negative impact on the company’s bottom line, the book provides practical examples, easy-to-implement processes, numerous illustrations, and usable forms throughout. See What’s New in the Second Edition Topics such as safety culture and behavior-based safety Expanded coverage of some topics such as analysis tools and accident investigation Updated statistical data, sources, and contacts Updated changes in regulations and compliance Relevance with current trends and issues in accident prevention By investigating the various methods and equipment used in system safety applications, the book covers a myriad of accident/incident prevention techniques and supplies the illustrations and tools that allow readers to begin to develop and build a safety and health program in their workplace. The author draws on his more than 30 years of experience to supply a template for the development of an effective safety and health program.

IntroductionWhy Injury Prevention?Accidents or IncidentsAccident/Incident Prevention ProcessComprehensive Accident PreventionAccident PreventionAccident Prevention BenefitsPreventing Occupational Accidents/IncidentsNothing New in PreventionHow Much Prevention?Risk ControlStructuring Accident/Incident PreventionKnow Who You Are Dealing WithDetermining the Cause of AccidentsAccident Prevention TechniquesReferencesSafety and Health ProgramsIntroductionReasons for a Comprehensive Safety ProgramSafety and Health Management ProcessBuilding a Safety and Health ProgramCharacteristics of an Occupational Safety and Health ProgramTools for a Safety and Health Program AssessmentAssessing the Key Components of Leadership, Participation, and Line AccountabilityAssessing the Key Components of Worksite AnalysisAssessing the Key Components of Hazard Prevention and ControlSummaryReferencesAccident/Incident InvestigationIntroductionPurpose of Accident InvestigationsAccident PreventionReporting AccidentsOrganizing and Assigning ResponsibilitiesSupervisors and Accident InvestigationInvestigations Benefit the SupervisorPreplanning an Accident InvestigationInvestigation ProcessHandling the EvidenceDeveloping Accident Investigation FormsFinal Report of InvestigationFollow-UpSummaryReferencesHazard Recognition and AvoidanceHazard IdentificationEmphasis on HazardsAccident CausesHazard AnalysisWorksite Hazard AnalysisTraining on Hazard IdentificationWorksite Hazard IdentificationRanking HazardsHazard and Cost AvoidanceHazard ControlTechniques of Hazard ControlSummaryReferencesAccountability and ResponsibilityIntroductionThe Safety and Health ProfessionalThe Line Supervisor.Using the Supervisor Evaluation FormThe Worker86References.88Motivating Safety and HealthIntroduction1Planning the Motivational ApproachSupervisorsSelf-Motivated WorkersChanging BehaviorBehavior-Based SafetyFactors Affecting MotivationSafety CultureVisual MotivatorsNonfinancial IncentivesSummaryReferences0Accident/Incident AnalysisIntroductionBreakdown of CausesMishap ProbabilitySummaryReferencesRoot Cause AnalysisIntroductionPhase I: Data CollectionPhase II: AssessmentPhase III: Corrective ActionsPhase IV: InformPhase V: Follow-UpSummaryReferencesCausal Factor AnalysisIntroductionDefinitionDetermining Causal FactorsEvent Factor Chains (Charting) and ExplanationBenefits of Events and Causal Factors ChartingUsing Causal Factor Analysis (Event Factor Chains or Charting)Causal Factor WorksheetSummaryReferencesChange AnalysisIntroductionWhen to Use Change AnalysisHow to Use Change AnalysisStructuring the AnalysisSummaryReferencesBarrier AnalysisIntroductionPhysical Barrier AnalysisHuman Barrier AnalysisWrap-Up of Preliminary Data AnalysisInterpretation of PBA and HBAReferencesJob Safety/Hazard AnalysisIntroductionPerforming a JSA/JHAFour Basic Steps of a JSA/JHASelecting a Job to AnalyzeThe Job Safety/Hazard Analysis WorksheetSeparating the Job into Its Basic StepsSequence of Basic Job StepsIdentifying the Hazards Associated with Each Job StepConsider Human Problems in the JSA/JHA Process 186Eliminating or Controlling the HazardsChange Job ProceduresChange the Frequency of Performing the JobPersonal Protective EquipmentSummaryReferencesSafe Operating Procedures (SOPs)IntroductionComponents of an SOPGuidelines for Writing an SOPHow SOPs WorkSummaryReferencesJob Safety ObservationIntroductionPurpose of Job Safety ObservationTypes of Job Safety ObservationsSelecting a Job or Task for a Planned Job Safety ObservationPreparing for a Planned Safety ObservationChecklist of Activities to ObserveUnsafe ProceduresThe ObservationAfter the ObservationDealing with Unsafe Behaviors or Poor PerformanceSummaryReferencesSafety and Health AuditsIntroductionThe Need for an AuditWhen to AuditWhat to AuditTypes of Audit InstrumentsDevelop and Evaluate Audit ScoresQualifications of AuditorsSummaryReferencesFleet Safety ProgramIntroductionWritten Fleet Safety ProgramVehicle/Equipment MaintenanceRegulations and Motor VehiclesDriversOperator Recruitment and SelectionRecords to MaintainOperator TrainingCompany Operator’s ManualPre-Operation InspectionDriving TasksSafe Driving RecognitionPlanning Schedules, Loads, and RoutesPreventing AccidentsReferencesPreventive Maintenance ProgramsIntroductionComponents of a PMPPreventive MaintenanceManagement’s RoleThe Preventive Maintenance Program (PMP)Operators’ InspectionsMaintenanceManagement ResponsibilitySummaryReferencesSpecial Emphasis ProgramsIntroductionLadder Safety ProgramIncentivesSummaryReferencesUsing Safety and Health ConsultantsIntroductionNeed for a ConsultantConducting the InterviewScope of WorkFinal Hiring StepsSummaryReferencesSafety and Health TrainingIntroductionWhen to TrainTraining New HiresTraining SupervisorsTraining EmployeesDocumenting Safety and Health TrainingAfter the TrainingSafety TalksSafety Talks and MeetingsOSHA Training RequirementsOSHA Training GuidelinesLegal Aspect of TrainingOSHA Training ModelMatching Training to EmployeesIdentifying Employees at RiskTraining Employees at RiskSummaryReferences6Analyzing Accident DataIntroductionOSHA RecordkeepingCompany RecordsImportant Ancillary Data Needed for More Complete AnalysisStatistical Analysis for ComparisonsWorkers’ CompensationCost of AccidentsSummaryReferencesPrevention and OSHA RegulationsIntroductionFederal Laws.309Regulation ProcessFederal RegisterThe Purpose of OSHACode of Federal RegulationsCFR Numbering SystemOSHA Standards CoveredCopies of the OSHA StandardsRelief (Variance) from an OSHA StandardOSHAct ProtectsThe Role of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)The Role of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC)Employers are Responsible for Workers’ Safety and HealthWorkers’ RightsWorkers’ Responsibilities under the LawThe Right Not to Be Discriminated AgainstThe Right to KnowEnvironmental Monitoring ResultsPersonal Protective ClothingOSHA InspectionsOSHA Receives a ComplaintCitationsTypes of ViolationsChallenging Citations, Penalties, and Other Enforcement MeasuresWorkers Get the Results of an InspectionDetermining PenaltiesState ProgramsWorkers’ TrainingOccupational Injuries and IllnessesMedical and Exposure RecordsPostingWhat to Do When OSHA Comes KnockingSummaryReferencesHealth Hazard PreventionIntroductionAsbestosBack InjuriesBloodborne PathogensCarcinogensCold StressErgonomicsHazardous ChemicalsHazardous WasteHeat StressIonizing RadiationLasersLeadNoise-Induced Hearing LossNonionizing RadiationVibrationWorkplace StressReferencesControls and Personal Protective EquipmentIntroductionControlling HazardsPersonal Protective EquipmentEstablishing a PPE ProgramHazard AssessmentEye and Face ProtectionHead ProtectionFoot and Leg ProtectionHand and Arm ProtectionBody ProtectionHearing ProtectionRespiratory ProtectionSummaryReferencesSafety HazardsIntroductionAbrasive Blasting (29 CFR 1910.94 and 1910.244)Abrasive Wheel Equipment/Grinders (29 CFR 1910.212, 1910.215, and 1910.243)Air Receivers (29 CFR 1910.169)Aisles and Passageways (29 CFR 1910.17, 1910.22, and 1910.176)Belt Sanding Machines (29 CFR 1910.213)Chains, Cables, Ropes, and Hooks (29 CFR 1910.179 and 1910.180)Compressors and Compressed Air (29 CFR 1910.242)Compressed Gas Cylinders (29 CFR 1910.101 and 1910.253)Compressed Gases (29 CFR 1910.101, 1910.102, 1910.103, 1910.104, 1910.106, and 1910.253)Confined Spaces (29 CFR 1910.146)Containers and Portable Tank Storage (29 CFR 1910.106)Control of Hazardous Energy Sources [Lockout/Tagout] (29 CFR 1910.147)Crane, Derrick, and Hoist Safety (29 CFR 1910.179, 1910.180, and 1910.181)Dip Tanks Containing Flammable or Combustible Liquid (29 CFR 1910.108)Dockboards (29 CFR 1910.30)Drinking Water (29 CFR 1910.141)Electrical (29 CFR 1910.303, 1910.304, 1910.305, 1910.331, and 1910.333)Elevated Surfaces (29 CFR 1910.23)Emergency Action Plans (29 CFR 1910.38)Exit Doors (29 CFR 1910.36)Exits and Exit Routes (29 CFR 1910.36)Explosives and Blasting Agents (29 CFR 1910.10

For 30 years Dr. Charles D. Reese has been involved with occupational safety and health as an educator, manager, or consultant. In Dr. Reese’s early beginnings in occupational safety and health, he held the position of industrial hygienist at the National Mine Health and Safety Academy. He later assumed the responsibility of manager for the nation’s occupational trauma research initiative at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s (NIOSH) Division of Safety Research. Dr. Reese has had an integral part in trying to assure that workplace safety and health is provided for all those within the workplace. As the managing director for the Laborers’ Health and Safety Fund of North America, his responsibilities were aimed at protecting the 650,000 members of the laborers’ union in the United States and Canada. He has developed many occupational safety and health training programs, which run the gamut from radioactive waste remediation to confined space entry. Dr. Reese has written numerous articles, pamphlets, and books on related safety and health issues. Dr. Reese, Professor Emeritus, was a member of the graduate and undergraduate faculty at the University of Connecticut, where he taught courses on OSHA regulations, safety and health management, accident prevention techniques, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, and environmental trends and issues. As professor of environmental /occupational safety and health, he coordinated the bulk of the environmental, safety and health efforts at the University of Connecticut. He is called upon to consult with industry on safety and health issues and is often asked for expert consultation in legal cases. Dr. Reese also is the principal author of the: Handbook of OSHA Construction Safety and Health (Second Edition), Material Handling Systems: Designing for Safety and Health, Annotated Dictionary of Construction Safety and Health, Occupational Health and Safety Management: A Practical Approach (Second Edition),Office Building Safety and Health Accident/Incident Prevention Techniques (Second Edition), The Four Volume Set Entitled: Handbook of Safety and Health for the Service Industry:Volume 1: Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials ServicesVolume 2: Industrial Safety and Health for Infrastructure ServicesVolume 3: Industrial Safety and Health for Administrative ServicesVolume 4: Industrial Safety and Health for People Oriented Services