1. Cow Milk1.1 Introduction to Cow Milk
1.2 Cow milk proteins
1.3 Cow milk caseins
1.4 Casein Derived Bioactive Peptides
1.5 ß-Caseins Variants
1.5.1 Frequency of ß-Casein (A1/A2 ) Variants in Cows
1.5.2 Methods of Screening ß-Casein (A1/A2 ) variants
2. A1/A2 Cow Milk Hypothesis
2.1 Introduction to A1/A2 Milk Hypothesis
2.2 Foundation A1/A2 Milk Hypothesis
2.3 Genetics of A1/A2 Milk Hypothesis
2.4 Evidences Supporting Hypothesis
2.4.1 Ecological, Case Controls, Animal Studies
2.4.2 Biochemical Mechanism
2.4.3 Pharmacological Activity
2.4.4 Consumer Experiences
2.5 Commercialization of ß-Casein Protein Variants
3. ß-Casomorphins I (Properties)
3.1 Structure of ß-Casomorphins
3.2 Types of ß-Casomorphins
3.3 Production of ß-Casomorphins
3.3.1 Milk
3.3.2 Infant Formula
3.3.3 Cheese
3.3.4 Fermented milk
3.4 Absorption of ß-Casomorphins
3.5 Milk Processing and ß-Casomorphins Release
4. ß-Casomorphins II (Physiological Activity)
4.1 Gastrointestinal Activity
4.2 Respiratory Effects
4.3 Behavioral and Endocrinological Effects
4.4 Immunological Perspective of ß-Casomorphins
4.4.1 Mucus Secretion and Innate Immunity
4.4.2 Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cellular Immunity
4.4.3 Milk Protein Allergy
4.4.4 Gut inflammation
5. A1 Milk and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
5.1 A1 Milk and Health Concerns
5.2 A1 Milk and T1DM
5.3 Evidences Supporting A1 Milk Consumption and Incidence of T1DM
5.3.1 Ecological studies
5.3.2 Case Control Studies
5.3.3 Animal Trials
6 A1 Milk and Heart Diseases
6.1 Introduction to Heart Diseases
6.2 A1 Milk and Cardiovascular Diseases
6.3 Evidences Supporting Intake of A1 Milk and Incidence of Heart Diseases
6.3.1 Etiology and Hypothesis
6.3.2 Ecological Studies
6.3.3 Clinical Case Controls
6.3.4 Animal Evidence
7 A1 Milk and Neurological Disorders
7.1 Background
7.2 Autism and Schizophrenia
7.3 A1 Milk and Implications with Autism and Schizophrenia
8. Conclusions and Perspectives
