Contents: Part I Justice and Health Distribution 1. Right to Health Care – John D. Arras. 2. Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities – Michael Marmot and Sridhar Venkatapuram. 3. The Ethics of Rationing: Necessity, Politics, and Fairness – Dan Callahan. 4. QALYs, DALYs, and their Critics – Greg Bognar 5. Immigration and Access to Health Care – Norman Daniels and Kerin Ladin. Part II Bioethics Across Borders 6. Bioethics and Human Rights – Elizabeth Fenton. 7. Ethical challenges of distributing limited health resources in low-income countries – Kjell Arne Johansson. 8. Medical Tourism – I. Glenn Cohen. 9. Do Health Workers have a Duty to Work in Underserved Areas? – Nir Eyal and Samia Hurst. 10. Moral Responsibility for Addressing Climate Change – Madison Powers. Part III Intellectual Property and Commodification 11. Intellectual Property in the Biomedical Sciences – Justin Biddle. 12. Bias, Misconduct, and Integrity in Scientific Research – David Resnik. 13. Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry on Research and Clinical Care – Howard Brody. Part IV Research 14. Biomedical Research Ethics: Landmark Cases, Scandals, and Conceptual Shifts – Jonathan Moreno and Dominic Sisti. 15. Duty of Care and Equipoise in Randomized Controlled Trials – Charles Weijer, Paul Miller, and Mackenzie Graham. 16. The Future of Informed Consent to Research: Reconceptualizing the Process – Paul Appelbaum. 17. Ethical Issues in Genetic Research – Dena S. Davis. 18. Research Involving "Vulnerable Populations": A Critical Analysis – Toby Schonfeld. 19.The Ethics of Incentives for Participation in Research: What’s the Problem? – Alan Wertheimer. 20. The Ethics of Biomedical Research Involving Animals – Tom L. Beauchamp. Part V Autonomy and Agency 21. Autonomy – Catriona Mackenzie. 22. Capacity and Competence – Jessica Berg and Katherine Shaw Makielski. 23. Incentives in Health: Ethical Considerations – Richard Ashcroft. 24. Privacy, Surveillance, and Autonomy – Alan Rubel. 25. Public Health and Civil Liberties: Resolving Conflicts – James F. Childress Part VI Reproduction 26. Conscientious Refusal and Access to Abortion and Contraception – Carolyn McLeod and Chloë Fitzgerald 27. Uses of Human Embryos for Reproduction and Research – Francoise Baylis. 28. Regulating Reproduction: A bioethical approach – Isabel Karpin. 29. Children, Parents, and Responsibility for Children’s Health – Amy Mullin. 30. Reproductive Travel and Tourism – Gillian Crozier. 31. Population Growth and Decline: Issues of Justice – Margaret Battin. 32. Reproductive Testing for Disability – Adrienne Asch and David Wasserman. Part VII End of Life and Long Term Care 33. Alzheimer’s Disease: Quality of Life and the Goals of Care – Bruce Jennings 34. Family Caregivers, Long-term Care, and Global Justice – Lisa Eckenwiler 35. Brain Death – Winston Chiong. 36. From the Permanent Vegetative State to the Minimally Conscious State: Ethical Implications of Disorders of Consciousness – Joseph J. Fins. 37. Disability and Assisted Death – Leslie P. Francis and Anita Silvers. 38. End-of-Life Decisions for Newborns – Marian Verkerk and Hilde Lindemann. Part VIII Embodiment 39. Medicalization, ‘Normal Function,’ and the Definition of Health – Rebecca Kukla. 40. Human Enhancement – Nicholas Agar and Felice Marshall. 41. Race and Bioethics – Alexis Shotwell and Ami Harbin. 42. Transgender – Jamie Lindemann Nelson. 43. Organ Transplantation Ethics From the Perspective of Embodied Personhood – Fredrik Svenaeus. 44. Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) and the Matter of Ethics – Nikki Sullivan