Introduction: The Early Bourbon Period in Spanish South America, An Interpretation 1. Imperial Hiatus: War in Spain and Crisis in Peru, 1700 to 1720s 2. Bourbon Rule and the Origins of Reform in Spain and the Colonies, 1700-1719 3. The First Cycle of Reform, 1710s to 1736: Spanish Atlantic Trade 4. The First Cycle of Reform, 1710s to 1736: Government, Treasury, Mining, and the Church 5. Reform Abated, 1736-1745 6. Reform Renewed: The Second Cycle, 1745-1763 7. Conclusions