Urban Change, A Loss of Centrality, and New Destinies for DowntownsIntroductionThe Real Fiscal Implications of DecentralizationThe Responses To DecentralizationCan Sports and Big Ticket Investments Relocate Economic Activity?The Beginning Of An End For The Need For Central Cities: Human Capital and Economic DevelopmentSports, Entertainment, and Culture: The Trinity for RedevelopmentMisplaced Revenues, Misplaced VenuesGoals and Organization of This BookPlanned Development vs. Organic Change: Tools In The Effort To Revitalize Central Cities and Downtown Areas IntroductionThe Social and Economic Forces Changing Urban SpaceWhy Invest In Any Amenities? Why Invest In Big-Ticket Amenities?Life from Death for Cities, Organic Urban Change v. Planned Redevelopment, and Neighborhood Design: Re-interpreting Jane Jacob’s Philosophy In The Age Of The Internet and DecentralizationRegimes and Urban Redevelopment The Value of Urban Space To TeamsSummaryIndianapolis As The Broker CityIntroductionThe Indianapolis Downtown Revitalization Plan: Goals, Objectives, and HistoryIndianapolis, Sports, and Redevelopment: What Was Built, How Much Was Invested, and Who’s Dollars Were Spent?Has Indianapolis Been Changed by the Sports and Downtown Redevelopment Strategy? Spatial, Demographic, Economic, and Intangible Measures of SuccessThe Challenges To Sustain The Sports Strategy Indianapolis: The Broker City to be a Major League WinnerShared Risk, Shared Returns: San Diego’s Unique Partnership For a Ballpark and A New Downtown NeighborhoodIntroductionThe Padres and "The Need" For a New BallparkThe Politics of San Diego’s Sports World Task Force II and the Generation of Substantial Public BenefitsV. Public Benefits and the Stigma of Subsidies The Scorecard on the Ballpark District: What Was BuiltEconomic Integration and The Vitality of The Ballpark DistrictThe Scorecard: Taxes GeneratedThe Ballpark District and San Diego: Mutual Risk in a New Model for Public/Private PartnershipsA White Elephant, An Arena, and Revitalization: Using Location and The Glitz of L. A. LIVE to Rebuild A Downtown AreaIntroductionThinking Outside the Box: Bringing the Lakers and Kings Downtown Downtown Los Angeles: Liabilities and AssetsSealing and Selling the DealLos Angeles’s Investment and ReturnsRebuilding Downtown Los Angeles: L. A. LIVERebuilding Downtown – Other Iconic ProjectsConclusions Columbus, A Successful New Neighborhood, But A Struggling Arena and NHL FranchiseIntroductionWhy Was Columbus’ Elite On A Quest For A Major Sports Franchise?Fighting For a Team From One MLB, the NFL, the NBA, or the NHL A Privately Built Arena, Real Estate Development, and An Unique Public/Private PartnershipColumbus’s Arena District: What Was Built and What Was AccomplishedVII. Views of Columbus’ Arena DistrictProblems With Nationwide Arena and Challenges for the Columbus Blue JacketsConclusionsRebounding in the Mountain West: Denver and The Strategy For Matching Suburban Growth Rates and Sustaining Job Levels in A Downtown AreaIntroductionDenver’s Early Growth and 20th Century ChallengesDenver and the Fate of Central CitiesThe Plan for A New Downtown DenverPublic Investments In SportsWhat Was Accomplished In DenverConclusionsCan A City Win When Losing? Cleveland and The Building of Sports, Cultural, and Entertainment Facilities In The Midst Of Population Declines and Job LossesIntroductionThe Crisis of ConfidenceCleveland’s "Hail Mary" Pass: Downtown Revitalization as Symbols of ConfidenceThe Results of Cleveland’s Hail Mary PassExtra Benefits from Building Amenities: Regional Cooperation Amending Cleveland’s Major League Loser Status: New LeasesA Regime and Downtown and Community DevelopmentAn Update – Cleveland, Downtown Cleveland, and Northeast Ohio In The Aftermath of Big Ticket and Community Development InitiativesConclusionsMaintaining Downtowns In Smaller Cities: Can Little Brothers In The Shadow Of Larger Cities Lead Revitalization Efforts With Sports, Entertainment, and the Arts?Introduction: Economic Change in a Small CityChanges In A Small City: Economic and Racial Separation Into The Breach: A Volunteer Leadership Group and its Focus on EntertainmentReimaging Reading: From The Outlet Capital to A Mid-Atlantic Arts CenterReading’s Leadership Group and Community DevelopmentMeasures of SuccessFort Wayne, IndianaConclusionsReversing Urban Decline: The Role for Sports, Culture, and Entertainment and What Is Required To Turn Subsidies Into Strategic InvestmentsIntroductionSubsidies to Investments in the Aftermath of The Credit CrisisLessons Learned: Similarities within DifferencesLessons Learned: The Advice For Other Cities Looking To Sports, Entertainment, and Cultural Amenities for RevitalizationConcluding Note