The European Idea in History in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries A View From Moscow

First Published in 1995. One of the principal inferences of this book is that Russia was and remains an inalienable part of European civilization and culture. After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, Russian society was quick to grasp ideas of Enlightenment, liberty, equality and fraternity while other thinkers rejected this and insisted on Russian exclusivity. The book concludes with a view of the future of Europe as the twenty-first century approached.

Chapter 1 What is Europe – Idea, Spirit, Reality?; Chapter 2 The French Revolution and Europe; Chapter 3 Napoleon’s Version of the Unification of Europe; Chapter 4 Europe’s Enlightenment; Chapter 5 The Holy Alliance; Chapter 6 Giuseppe Mazzini and the Unification of Revolutionary Forces: Young Europe; Chapter 7 European Pacifism and the Slogan of a United States of Europe; Chapter 8 Russian Pacifism; Chapter 9 Nikolai Danilevsky’s Russia and Europe; Chapter 10 The Project of Middle Europe: New Interpretations of the Slogan of the United States of Europe; Chapter 11 Lenin’s Concept of World Revolution: October 1917 and the Destinies of Europe; Chapter 12 Settlement, Versailles-Style; Chapter 13 Eurasia and Eurasianism; Chapter 14 Stalinism and Europeanism; Chapter 15 Pan-European Ideas and the Movement During the 1920s and 1930s; Chapter 16 Fascism and Europeanism; Chapter 17 The Resistance Movement in Europe; Chapter 18 Models of Totalitarian Socialism and Integration in Eastern Europe; Chapter 19 The Cold War and Europe; Chapter 20 The Helsinki Process; Chapter 21 The European Community or ‘Little Europe’; Chapter 22 New Trends in the Development of Eastern Europe and Russia; Chapter 23 Conclusion;

Professor Alexander Tchoubarian is Director of the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. He is a former president of the Centre for the Study of European Civilizations, vice-president of the International Association of Contemporary Historians of Europe, and editor-in-chief of The History of Europe.