Chapter 1 Theodor Adorno (1903–69), Richard Hooker; Chapter 2 Rudolf Arnheim (1904–), David Pariser; Chapter 3 Mieke Bal (1946–), Norman Bryson; Chapter 4 Roland Barthes (1915–80), Mary Bittner Wiseman; Chapter 5 Jean Baudrillard (1929–), Mike Gane; Chapter 6 Michael Baxandall (1933–), D.R. Edward Wright; Chapter 7 Clive Bell (1881–1964), Carol S. Gould; Chapter 8 Walter Benjamin (1892–1940), Marcus Bullock; Chapter 9 John Berger (1926–), Alan Wallach; Chapter 10 Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002), Bridget Fowler; Chapter 11 Norman Bryson (1949–), Mieke Bal; Chapter 12 T.J. Clark (1943–), Jonathan Harris; Chapter 13 R.G. Collingwood (1889–1943), Aaron Ridley; Chapter 14 Benedetto Croce (1866–1952), Hugh Bredin; Chapter 15 Hubert Damisch (1928–), Ernst Van Alphen; Chapter 16 Arthur C. Danto (1924–), Mark Rollins; Chapter 17 Jacques Derrida (1930–), Stuart Sim; Chapter 18 John Dewey (1859–1952), Casey Haskins; Chapter 19 Henri Focillon (1881–1943), Alexandra Gajewski-Kennedy; Chapter 20 Michel Foucault (1926–84), David Macey; Chapter 21 Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), David Macey; Chapter 22 Roger Fry (1866–1934), Carol S. Gould; Chapter 23 Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002), Nicholas Davey; Chapter 24 Ernst Gombrich (1909–2001), Juliet Graver Istrabadi; Chapter 25 Nelson Goodman (1906–98), Charles Nussbaum; Chapter 26 Clement Greenberg (1909–94), Paul Barlow; Chapter 27 Arnold Hauser (1892–1978), Paul Barlow; Chapter 28 Martin Heidegger (1889–1976), Paul Gorner; Chapter 29 Julia Kristeva (1941–), Kelly Oliver; Chapter 30 Jacques Lacan (1901–81), David Macey; Chapter 31 Susanne K. Langer (1895–1985), Donald Dryden; Chapter 32 Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–), Boris Wiseman; Chapter 33 Alain Leroy Locke (1886–1954), Tommy L. Lott; Chapter 34 Jean-François Lyotard (1924–98), Stuart Sim; Chapter 35 Émile Mâle (1862–1954), Julian M. Luxford; Chapter 36 André Malraux (1901–76), Geoffrey T. Harris; Chapter 37 Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–61), Daniel F. Chamberlain; Chapter 38 Erwin Panofsky (1892–1968), Juliet Graver Istrabadi; Chapter 39 Griselda Pollock (1949–), Sue Malvern; Chapter 40 Herbert Read (1893–1968), Michael Paraskos; Chapter 41 Meyer Schapiro (1904–96), David Craven; Chapter 42 Georg Simmel (1858–1918), Willi Goetschel; Chapter 43 Susan Sontag (1933–), Carl Rollyson; Chapter 44 Adrian Stokes (1902–72), Stephen Kite; Chapter 45 Aby Warburg (1866–1933), Richard Woodfield; Chapter 46 Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), Peter B. Lewis; Chapter 47 Heinrich Wölfflin (1864–1945), Linnea Wren, Travis Nygard; Chapter 48 Richard Wollheim (1923–), Lloyd Reinhardt; Chapter 49 Wilhelm Worringer (1881–1965), Marcus Bullock;