Highway Engineering Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality

An International Textbook, from A to Z Highway Engineering: Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality covers the basic principles of pavement management, highlights recent advancements, and details the latest industry standards and techniques in the global market. Utilizing the author’s more than 30 years of teaching, researching, and consulting experience, this text focuses on the design, construction, maintenance, and management of pavements for roads and highways, and covers the main topics in highway engineering. The author integrates pavement materials, material testing for acceptability and quality assurance, asphalt mix design, flexible and rigid pavement design, construction, maintenance and strengthening procedures, quality control of production and acceptance of asphalts, pavement evaluation, asphalt plants, and pavement recycling. He also includes both European and American (ASTM and AASHTO) standards and practice, and is extensively illustrated with references, tables, graphs, charts, and photographs. The book contains 18 chapters that cover: Soils for roadworks Aggregates for unbound, hydraulically bound materials, and bituminous mixtures Bitumen and bituminous binders Laboratory tests and properties of paving bitumen and bitumen emulsion Hot and cold bituminous mixtures Fundamental mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures and testing Production, transportation, laying, and compaction of bituminous mixtures Quality control and acceptance of bituminous mixtures Methods for determining stresses and strains in pavements Pavement design and construction Thickness design methodologies for flexible and rigid pavements Pavement maintenance Rehabilitation and strengthening Pavement evaluation Equipment for measuring surface and structural characteristics Pavement management Pavement recycling Written for civil engineering students and engineers engaged in highway projects or laboratory testing, Highway Engineering: Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality covers pavement engineering comprehensively as a textbook for undergraduates and graduates, and a valuable reference for practicing professionals.

Soils The formation of soils Soil fractions Physical properties of soils Basic soil tests Soil classification Soil bearing capacity tests Plate bearing test – modulus of reaction (k) Resistance R value test Elastic modulus and resilient modulus of soils Compaction of soil materials on site Density tests in situ References Aggregates General Crushed aggregates Natural aggregates Slags Mine waste Demolition materials Artificial aggregates Recycled (pulverised) aggregates Aggregate sizes Aggregate tests Geometrical properties determination tests Physical properties determination tests Chemical properties tests Petrographic description of aggregates Blending two or more aggregates References Bitumen, bituminous binders and anti-stripping agents General Natural asphalt Tar Manufactured bitumen Cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders Bitumen emulsions Anti-stripping agents Modified bitumens and special bitumens Handling of bituminous binders References Laboratory tests and properties of bitumen and bitumen emulsion General Penetration test Softening point test (Left) Penetration index Ductility test Force ductility test Elastic recovery test Viscosity Fraass breaking point Heukelom chart – bitumen test data chart Resistance to hardening tests Flash and fire point – cleveland open cup method Solubility test Tensile test Cohesion with pendulum test Storage stability test Mineral matter or ash in asphalt materials Capillary-stoppered pycnometer test for determination of density and specific gravity of bitumen Determination of water in bitumen by distillation method Bitumen emulsion tests Mechanical properties of bitumen Performance-graded asphalt binder tests References Hot asphalts General Determination and role of asphalts Characteristic types of asphalts Asphalt concrete AC for very thin layers Porous asphalt HRA in accordance to European standards Stone mastic asphalt Mastic asphalt Soft asphalt High-modulus asphalts Warm mix asphalts Other types of asphalts References Cold asphalts General Characteristic types of cold asphalts Dense-graded cold asphalts Open-graded cold asphalts Production of cold asphalt mixtures Laying and compaction of cold asphalt mixtures Quality control of cold asphalt mixtures Cold asphalts for slurry surfacing References Annex 6.A Coating test Annex 6.B Modified Marshall mix design for dense- graded cold asphalt (DGCA) Specimen production and Marshall testing Annex 6.C Soaking test – capillary water absorption test Fundamental mechanical properties of asphalts and laboratory tests General Stiffness modulus of asphalts Types of loading Determination of stiffness modulus and other moduli Prediction of asphalt stiffness Permanent deformation of asphalts Fatigue of asphalts References Production, transportation, laying and compaction of hot mix asphalts General Types of asphalt production plants Batch plants Drum-mix plants Transportation of hot mix asphalts Laying/paving Compaction of asphalts References Annex .A Quality control of production and acceptance of asphalts General Sampling Methods of material sampling Inspection and testing of incoming constituent materials and delivered product Acceptance of delivered and laid asphalt Methods for determination of binder content References Layers of flexible pavement General Subgrade Capping layer Sub-base course Base course Asphalt layers Poisson’s ratio of paving and subgrade materials References Methods determining stresses and deflections References Traffic and traffic assessment General Axle loads Vehicle classification Overloaded vehicles Measurement of vehicle axle load Contact area and pressure The concept of equivalent standard axle loading –equivalency factors for flexible pavements Equivalency factors for rigid pavements References Flexible pavement design methodologies General Design criteria for flexible pavements Asphalt institute pavement design methodology AASHTO pavement design methodology UK flexible pavement design methodology AUTh flexible pavement design methodology Shell flexible pavement design methodology French flexible pavement design methodology Australian flexible pavement design methodology The Nottingham University/mobil design method Other pavement design methods AASHTO mechanistic–empirical pavement design guide References Rigid pavements and design methodologies General Subgrade and layers of rigid pavements Consideration of stresses that developed on a concrete slab Cracking of fresh and hardened concrete Joints in concrete pavements Contraction joints Expansion joints Sealants and joint fillers Warping joints Joints attributed to interruption of works The function of steel reinforcement Amount and position of reinforcement Jointed reinforced concrete pavements Continuously reinforced concrete pavements Pre-stressed concrete Fibre-reinforced concrete Rigid pavement design methodologies UK rigid pavement design methodology AASHTO rigid pavement design methodology Australian rigid pavement design methodology MEPDG for rigid pavements Construction of rigid pavements References Pavement maintenance rehabilitation and strengthening General Terminology Maintenance, rehabilitation and pavement life Typical surface distresses in flexible pavements Cracking in flexible pavements Retardation of reflective cracking treatments and asphalt reinforcement techniques Surface distortions in flexible pavements Disintegration of flexible pavements Loss of surface skid resistance Typical distresses in rigid pavements Cracking of rigid pavements Surface deformation in rigid pavements Disintegration of rigid pavements Loss of surface skid resistance Surface dressing Pavement strengthening Asphalt overlay design methods over flexible pavements Asphalt overlay over rigid pavement Concrete overlay over rigid or flexible pavement AASHTO overlay design method References Pavement evaluation and measurement of functional and structural characteristics Pavement evaluation Functional evaluation by visual condition survey Functional evaluation by devices measuring surface characteristics Structural evaluation of pavements References Pavement management General Terms – definitions Purpose of pavement management Levels of pavement management analysis Pavement management components Software for pavement management Pavement recycling General What pavement recycling is offering Pavement recycling methods Cold milling (planning) Hot recycling Cold recycling Evaluation of RA Suitability of RA Hot recycling mix design Cold recycling mix design Pavement design using recycled asphalt Recycling of rigid pavements References Index

Dr. Athanassios Nikolaides is a professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, and director of the Highway Engineering Laboratory in the Department of Civil Engineering. He has published more than 90 papers in journals and conference proceedings, presented more than 40 additional papers at various seminars, and published three books in Greek. He is a member of the editorial advisory panel of the ICE (UK) Journal of Construction Materials, and the founder and president of the International Conference on Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements and has served as a consultant to several organizations and corporations in Greece, Europe, and Indonesia.