Preface Illustrations 1. Halford Mackinder and the Pivotal Heartland Brian W. Blouet 2. In Defence of the Heartland: Sir Halford Mackinder and his Critics a Hundred Years On Colin Gray 3. The Pivot and Imperial Defence Policy Robin A. Butlin 4. The Diplomatic Context: Britain and International Relations in 1904 Pascal Venier 5. Mackinder and British Perceptions of Central Asia Sarah O'Hara, Michael Hefferman, and Georgina Enfield 6. The Heartland in Russian History Paul Coones 7. Trading States, Territorial States, and Technology: Mackinder's Contribution to the Discourse on States and Politics Peter J. Hugill 8. Halford Mackinder and the Geographical Pivot of History: A Critical Assessment Klaus Dodds 9. The Geographical Pivot of Outer Space Everett Carl Dolman 10. The Heartland - Then and Now David Hooson Bibliography

Throughout the twentieth century, until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Western defence strategists feared that one power, or alliance, might come to dominate Eurasia. Admiral Mahan discussed the issue in The Problem of Asia (1900) but Mackinder made the defining statement in The Geographical Pivot of History (1904). Mackinder argued that the 'closed Heart-Land of Euroasia' was a strategically placed region, with great resources, that if controlled by one force could be the basis of a World Empire. James Kurth, in Foreign Affairs, has commented that it has taken two World Wars and the Cold War to prevent Mackinder's prophecy becoming reality. In WWI and WWII Germany achieved huge territorial gains at the expense of the Russian empire and the Soviet Union. In WWI the Russian empire was defeated by Germany but the western powers insisted that the territorial gains made by Germany, at the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, be given up. In World War Two Britain and the US gave material support to Stalin's totalitarian regime to prevent Nazi Germany gaining control of the territory and resources that might have been a basis for world domination. After World War Two the west, conscious of Mackinder's dictum (1919) that 'Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland, ' quickly adopted policies to contain the Soviet Union. For a time there was a Western fear of an alliance between the Soviet Union and Communist China that would have created uncontestable control of the Heartland. <BR>The book examines Mackinder's global geostrategic view, from the perspective of geography, diplomatic history, political science, international relations, imperial history, and the space age.

The book examines Mackinder's global geostrategic view, from the perspective of geography, diplomatic history, political science, international relations, imperial history, and the space age.

This is a new examination of Halford Mackinder’s seminal global geostrategic work, from the perspective of geography, diplomatic history, political science, international relations, imperial history, and the space age.

Mackinder was a man ahead of his time. He foresaw many of the key strategic issues that came to dominate the twentieth century. Until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, western defence strategists feared that one power, or alliance, might come to dominate Eurasia. Admiral Mahan discussed this issue in The Problem of Asia (1900) but Mackinder made the most authoritative statement in "The Geographical Pivot of History" (1904). He argued that in the "closed Heart-Land of Euroasia" was a strategically placed region, with great resources, that if controlled by one force could be the basis of a World Empire. James Kurth, in Foreign Affairs, has commented that it has taken two World Wars and the Cold War to prevent Mackinder’s prophecy becoming reality.

In World War I and World War II Germany achieved huge territorial gains at the expense of the Russian empire and the Soviet Union. In the former conflict the Russian empire was defeated by Germany but the western powers insisted that the territorial gains made by Germany, at the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, be given up. In World War II Britain and the US gave material support to Stalin’s totalitarian regime to prevent Nazi Germany gaining control of the territory and resources that might have been a basis for world domination. The west, highly conscious of Mackinder’s dictum (1919) that "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland," quickly adopted policies to contain the Soviet Union. History has therefore proved Mackinder’s work to be of vital importance to generations of strategic thinking and he remains a key influence in the new millennium.

This book will be of great interest to all students and scholars of strategic studies and military history and of geopolitics in particular.