Dark Matter An Introduction

Dark Matter: An Introduction tackles the rather recent but fast-growing subject of astroparticle physics, encompassing three main areas of fundamental physics: cosmology, particle physics, and astrophysics. Accordingly, the book discusses symmetries, conservation laws, relativity, and cosmological parameters and measurements, as well as the astrophysical behaviors of galaxies and galaxy clusters that indicate the presence of dark matter and the possible nature of dark matter distribution. This succinct yet comprehensive volume: Addresses all aspects essential to the study of dark matter Explores particle candidates for cold dark matter beyond the theory of the standard model, providing examples of basic extensions and introducing theories such as supersymmetry and extra dimensions Explains—in simple text and mathematical formulations—calculation of the freeze-out temperature of a dark matter species and its relic density Provides theoretical background for dark matter scattering off a target, event rate calculation, and dark matter annihilation essential to study direct and indirect detection of dark matter Complete with a detailed review of the latest dark matter experiments and techniques, Dark Matter: An Introduction is an ideal text for beginning researchers in the field as well as for general readers with an inquisitive mind, as the important topic of astroparticle physics is treated both pedagogically and with deeper insight.

Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Brief Discussion on Relativity Galilean Transformation Lorentz Transformation Electromagnetic Theory Particle Physics Basics Leptons and Quarks Klein–Gordon Equation Dirac Equation Symmetries Discrete Symmetries Groups and Representations of Groups Continuous Symmetries Global Symmetries Local Symmetries and Abelian Gauge Invariance Local Symmetries and Non-Abelian Gauge Invariance SUL (2) × UY (1) Basics of Cosmology Time Evolution of Scale Factor a(t) Flat Universe and Density Parameters Luminosity Distance Deceleration Parameter Bolometric Magnitude Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Evidence of Dark Matter Rotation Curve of Spiral Galaxies Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters Virial Theorem Gravitational Lensing Bullet Cluster Lyman Alpha Forest Galactic Halo of Dark Matter Milky Way Galaxy Central Bulge and Galactic Center Galactic Disk Steller Clusters Dark Matter in the MilkyWay Types of Dark Matter From Thermal History Thermal Dark Matter Non-Thermal Dark Matter On the Basis of Particle Types Baryonic Dark Matter Non-Baryonic Dark Matter From Mass and Speed Hot Dark Matter Cold Dark Matter Role in Structure Formation Candidates of Dark Matter Candidates for CDM Supersymmetric Dark Matter Kaluza–Klein Dark Matter Scalar Singlet Dark Matter Inert Doublet Dark Matter Candidate for Hot Dark Matter Axion Dark Matter Experimental Searches for Axion Dark Matter Relic Density Direct Detection of Dark Matter Basic Principles Direct Detection Rates Annual Variations Daily and Directional Variations Dark Matter Hunt Direct Detection Experiments CDMS Experiment CRESST Experiment DAMA Experiment CoGENT Dark Matter Search XENON Dark Matter Search PICASSO Experiment DRIFT Experiment Indirect Dark Matter Search Antimatter Production and Distortion in Cosmic Ray Spectra Antiproton as an Indirect Probe for Galactic Dark Matter Positron Excess as Indirect Probe for Dark Matter Gamma Rays from Dark Matter Annihilation Dwarf Spheroidals Neutrinos as a Probe of Indirect Dark Matter Detection Neutrinos from Solar or Earth Core Neutrinos from the Galactic Center Other Dark Matter Candidates Sterile Neutrino MACHOs Inelastic Dark Matter References Index

Debasish Majumdar is a professor in the Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Division at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India. His research interests include dark matter, dark energy, neutrino physics, and a statistical approach to nuclear-level and strength densities. He did his Ph.D work at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India. A widely published and respected dark matter research pioneer, he has visited such prestigious institutions as CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; Fermilab, Chicago, Illinois, USA; The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; and University of Oxford, UK as a researcher and a speaker.