Cell Microencapsulation Methods and Protocols

This volume provides a unique forum to review cell microencapsulation in a broad sense by exploring various cell types that have been encapsulated for different purposes, different approaches and devices used for microencapsulation, the biomaterials used in cell microencapsulation, the challenges to the technology, and the current status of its application in different clinical situations. This book is divided in five sections: Section I is an introductory part that discusses historical developments of the technology and its current challenges, as well as the various applications of cell microencapsulation; Section II discusses the main approaches and devices currently used in cell microencapsulation; Section III presents an overview of the various polymeric materials currently in use for cell microencapsulation and the enabling technologies to either monitor or enhance encapsulated cell function; Section IV gives specific examples of the methods used to encapsulate various cell types; and Section V provides an overview of the different clinical situations in which cell microencapsulation has been applied. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Thorough and practical, Cell Microencapsulation: Methods and Protocols is a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, clinicians, and other healthcare professionals, as well as food technologists who will find detailed descriptions of methods for the microencapsulation of specific cell types and their current of potential clinical and industrial applications. This volume also includes detailed information about the design and manufacture of different devices including large-scale production devices for use in cell microencapsulation.

Part I Introduction

1. Historical Perspectives and Current Challenges in Cell Microencapsulation
Paul de Vos

2. Applications of Cell Microencapsulation
Emmanuel C. Opara

Part II Approaches to Cell Microencapsulation

3. Cell Microencapsulation: Dripping Methods
A. Bidoret, E. Martins, B. Poncelet De Smet, and D. Poncelet

4. Field Effect Microparticle Generation for Cell Microencapsulation
Brend Ray-Sea Hsu and Shin-Huei Fu

5. Microfluidic Approach to Cell Microencapsulation
Varna Sharma, Michael Hunckler, Melur K. Ramasubramanian, Emmanuel C. Opara, and Kalyan  C. Katuri

Part III Biomaterials and Enabling Technologies in Cell Microencapsulation

6. Polymeric Materials for Cell Microencapsulation
A. Aijaz, D. Perera, and R. Olabisi
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<7. Polymeric Materials for Perm-Selective Coating of Alginate Microbeads
William F. Kendall and Emmanuel C. Opara

8. Determination of the Mechanical Strength of Microcapsules
Marcus D. Darrabie and Emmanuel C. Opara

9. The Diffusive Properties of Hydrogel Microcapsules for Cell Encapsulation
D.M. Lavin, B.E. Bintz, and C.G. Thanos

10. Methods for Incorporating Oxygen Generating Biomaterials into Cell Culture and Microcapsule Systems
John Patrick McQuilling and Emmanuel C. Opara

11. Non-Invasive Tracking of Alginate-Microencapsulated Cells
Genaro A. Paredes-Juarez, Brad P. Barnett, and Jeff W.M. Bulte

12. Retrieval of Microencapsulated Islet Grafts for Post-Transplant Evaluation
John Patrick McQuilling, Sivanandane Sittadjody, Rajesh Pareta, Samuel Pendergraft, Clancy J. Clark, Alan C. Farney, and Emmanuel C. Opara

Part IV Isolation of Cells for Microencapsulation

13. A Method of Porcine Pancreatic Islet Isolation for Microencapsulation
William F. Kendall and Emmanuel C. Opara

14: Selective Osmotic Shock (SOS)-Based Islet Isolation for Microencapsulation
Kevin Enck, John P. McQuilling, Giuseppe Orlando, Riccardo Tamburrini, Sittadjody Sivanandane, and Emmanuel C. Opara

15. Preparation and Characterization of Alginate–Chitosan Microcapsule for Hepatocyte Culture
Lamjuan Li, Yanhong Zhang, and Xiaoping Pan

 

16. Use of Flow Focusing Technique for Microencapsulation of Myoblasts
J. Ciriza, L. Saenz del Burgo, RM Hernandez, G. Orive, and JL Pedraz

 

17. Alginate Microbeads for Cell and Protein Delivery
Sami I. Somo, Omaditya Khanna, and Eric M. Brey

 

18. Compartmentalization of Two Cell Types in Multi-Layered Alginate Microcapsules
Sivanandane Sittadjody, Justin M. Saul, and Emmanuel C. Opara

19. Primary Choroid Plexus Tissue for Use in Cellular Therapy
M.A. Sandrof and C.G. Thanos

20. Microencapsulation of Stem Cells for Therapy
Shirae K. Leslie, Ramsey C. Kinney, Zvi Schwartz, and Barbara D. Boyan
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21. Microencapsulated Cells for Cancer Therapy
L. Saenz del Burgo, J. Ciriza, RM Hernández, G. Orive, and JL Pedraz

22. Microencapsulation of Bacterial Cells by Emulsion Technique for Probiotic Application
Surajit Mandal and Subrota Hati

<Part V Cell Microencapsulation in Clinical Applications

23. Microencapsulation of Islets for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D)
Riccardo Calafiore, Giuseppe Basta, and Pia Montanucci

<24. Immunological Challenges Facing Translation of Alginate Encapsulated Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation to Human Clinical Trials
Rahul Krishnan, David Ko, Clarence E. Foster III, Wendy Liu, AM Smink, Bart de Haan, Paul De Vos, and Johnathan RT Lakey

25. Microencapsulation in Clinical Islet Xenotransplantation
Masayuki Shimoda and Shinichi Matsumoto

26. Methods for Microencapsulated Porcine Islet Production
Masayuki Shimoda and Shinichi Matsumoto

27. Microencapsulation of Parathyroid Cells for the Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism
Patricio Cabané Toledo, Ricardo Rossi Fernández, and Pablo Caviedes Fernández