Biotechnology Fundamentals

A single source reference covering every aspect of biotechnology, Biotechnology Fundamentals, Second Edition breaks down the basic fundamentals of this discipline, and highlights both conventional and modern approaches unique to the industry. In addition to recent advances and updates relevant to the first edition, the revised work also covers ethics in biotechnology and discusses career possibilities in this growing field. The book begins with a basic introduction of biotechnology, moves on to more complex topics, and provides relevant examples along the way. Each chapter begins with a brief summary, is illustrated by simple line diagrams, pictures, and tables, and ends with a question session, an assignment, and field trip information. The author also discusses the connection between plant breeding, cheese making, in vitro fertilization, alcohol fermentation, and biotechnology. Comprised of 15 chapters, this seminal work offers in-depth coverage of topics that include: Genes and Genomics Proteins and Proteomics Recombinant DNA Technology Microbial Biotechnology Agricultural Biotechnology Animal Biotechnology Environmental Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology Nanobiotechnology Product Development in Biotechnology Industrial Biotechnology Ethics in Biotechnology Careers in Biotechnology Laboratory Tutorials Biotechnology Fundamentals, Second Edition provides a complete introduction of biotechnology to students taking biotechnology or life science courses and offers a detailed overview of the fundamentals to anyone in need of comprehensive information on the subject.

Introduction to BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesWhat Is Biotechnology?Animal BiotechnologyAgricultural BiotechnologyMedical BiotechnologyIndustrial BiotechnologyEnvironmental BiotechnologyOther Emerging Fields of BiotechnologyHistory of BiotechnologyHuman Genome ProjectMajor Scientific Discoveries in BiotechnologyBiotechnology as the Science of IntegrationBio-RevolutionEthical and Regulatory Issues in BiotechnologyFuture of BiotechnologyProblemsAssignmentOnline ResourcesReferences and Further ReadingGenes and GenomicsLearning ObjectivesIntroductionCell as the Building Block of LifeClassification of CellsProkaryotic CellEukaryotic CellExtracellular OrganizationCell MembraneCell CapsuleFlagellaIntracellular OrganizationMacromoleculesGenes and GeneticsCell DivisionDNA ReplicationDNA Interactions with ProteinsDNA-Modifying EnzymesDNA MethylationDNA MutationTools of BiotechnologyProblemsAssignmentReferences and Further ReadingProteins and ProteomicsLearning ObjectivesIntroductionSignificance of ProteinsProtein BiosynthesisProtein StructureProtein FoldingProtein ModificationProtein TransportProtein Dysfunction and DegradationRegulation of Protein SynthesisRegulatory ProteinMethods for Protein AnalysisProtein PurificationTools of ProteomicsProblemsAssignmentReferences and Further ReadingRecombinant DNA TechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionMaking of Recombinant DNASignificance of Recombinant DNA TechnologyRole of Restriction Enzymes in rDNA TechnologySteps in Gene CloningSynthesis of Complete GenePolymerase Chain Reaction and Gene CloningSignificance of Vectors in Recombinant DNA TechnologyClassification of VectorsIntegration of the DNA Insert into the VectorIntroduction of the Recombinant DNA into the Suitable HostIncreased Competence of E. Coli by CaCl2 TreatmentInfection by Recombinant DNAs Packaged as VirionsSelection of Recombinant ClonesIdentification of Clones Having Recombinant DNAsSelection of Clone Containing a Specific DNA InsertApplications of Recombinant DNA TechnologyDNA SequencingMicroarraysDNA ChipsIsolation of Desired DNAcDNA LibraryPreparation of cDNAGenomic LibraryDNA LibrariesChemical Synthesis GeneApplications of Synthetic OligonucleotidesProblemsAssignmentsReferences and Further ReadingMicrobial BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionStructural Organization of MicrobesMicrobial MetabolismMicrobial GrowthMicrobial GeneticsGenetic Recombination in BacteriaTransposable Genetic ElementsUse of E. Coli in Microbial CloningPathogenic BacteriaApplication of MicrobesFood MicrobiologyMicrobial BiotechnologyProblemsReferences and Further ReadingAgricultural BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionPlant BreedingPlant DiseasesApplications of Molecular and Genetic Tools in AgricultureHerbicide-Tolerant PlantsPigmentation in Transgenic PlantsAltering the Food Content of PlantsGene Transfer Methods in PlantsTarget Cells for Gene TransformationVectors for Gene TransferTransformation Techniques Using AgrobacteriumGlucuronidase GeneAgroinfection and Gene TransferDNA-Mediated Gene TransferElectroporation for Gene TransferLiposome-Mediated Gene TransferGene Transformation Using PollenApplication of Transgenic PlantsHow Safe Are Transgenic Plants?Bioengineered PlantsGenetically Modified MaizeTerminator TechnologyProblemsAssignmentReferences and Further ReadingAnimal BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionHistory of the Use of Animals in ResearchDrug Testing in Animals Is MandatoryMost Commonly Used Animals in ResearchApplication of Animal ModelsAnimal ModelsAnimal BiotechnologyRegulations of Animal TestingAlternatives to Animal TestingProblemsAssignmentReferences and Further ReadingEnvironmental BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionFactors Affecting the EnvironmentGlobal WarmingCarbon FootprintDestruction of ForestsAir PollutionMajor Carbon Dioxide Emission CountriesGreenhouse EffectAcid RainOcean AcidificationHealth Hazards Due to PollutionEnvironment Protection by BiotechnologyBioremediationMycoremediationWastewater TreatmentPretreatment PhaseScreening PhaseSedimentation PhaseSecondary Treatment PhaseActivated SludgeFilter BedsBiological Aerated FiltersNutrient RemovalNitrogen RemovalPhosphorus RemovalDisinfection of WastewaterSludge DisposalBiofuelsBiodieselBiogasBioalcoholsBioethersSyngasSolid BiofuelsSecond-Generation BiofuelsThird-Generation BiofuelsInternational Biofuel EffortsFuture of BiofuelsBiodegradable PlasticBiodegradation by BacteriaOil-Eating BacteriaBiostimulation and BioaugmentationBioleachingSingle-Cell Protein and Biomass from WasteVermitechnologyBiosorptionBacteriaFungiAlgaeGenetically Engineered OrganismsProblemsDebateField VisitReferences and Further ReadingMedical BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionAntibody ProductionTherapeutic ProteinsStem Cell TransplantationBioengineered SkinBioengineered Organ TransplantationGene TherapyMolecular DiagnosticsArtificial BloodOrgan TransplantCloningQuestionsAssignmentReferences and Further ReadingNanobiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionNanotechnologyNanobiotechnologyApplications of NanobiotechnologyNanotechnology in the Food IndustryWater Pollution and NanotechnologyResearch TrendsProblemsReferences and Further ReadingProduct Development in BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionMethods of Scientific InquiryCommercialization of Scientific DiscoveryBusiness PlanBiotechnology Product DevelopmentPhases of Biotechnology Product DevelopmentBiotechnology EntrepreneurshipBiotechnology Industry: Facts and FiguresFormation of a New Biotechnology CompanySuccessful BioentrepreneurshipBiotechnology Products and Intellectual Property RightsBiotechnology Stock Investment: Pros and ConsMarketing Trends in BiotechnologyRole of Regulators in Biotechnology Product DevelopmentCertification and AccreditationProblemsReferences and Further ReadingIndustrial BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionFermenter or BioreactorPrinciple of FermentationProduction of Biomolecules Using Fermenter TechnologyDevelopment Process of Microbial ProductsUpstream BioprocessDownstream BioprocessBioprocess AutomationIndustrial Application of MicrobesIndustrial Production of Healthcare ProductsProblemsReferences and Further ReadingEthics in BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionGenetically Modified Foods and PlantsUse of Animals as Experimental ModelsUse of Humans as Experimental ModelsXenotransplantationGenetic ScreeningBiometricsDNA FingerprintingOrgan Donation and TransplantationEuthanasiaNeuroethicsAssisted Reproductive TechnologyEmbryonic Stem Cell ResearchQuestionsAssignmentsReferences and Further ReadingCareers in BiotechnologyLearning ObjectivesIntroductionEducation and Investment in BiotechnologyResearch and Development in BiotechnologyBiotechnology Industry and ProductsBiotechnology Status in the United StatesCareer Opportunities in BiotechnologyEntry-Level Job Positions in BiotechnologyAdministrationWhich Job Is Good For Me?Why Are R&D Jobs the Most Challenging?Salary and Incentives in BiotechnologyProblemsAssignmentsField VisitReferences and Further ReadingLaboratory TutorialsLaboratory ExperimentsLaboratory SafetyGood Laboratory Practices for Biotechnology LabsGeneral Laboratory TechniquesGeneral Principles of Animal HandlingAnimal AnesthesiaAnimal HistologyBlood Collection in AnimalsHistology and MicroscopySeparation TechniquesMicrobiology TechniquesBiochemistry TechniquesMolecular TechniquesGenetic TechniquesAgricultural BiotechnologyMicrobial Biotechnology References

Firdos Alam Khan is a professor and chairperson of the School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). He earned his PhD from Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, in 1997. He has more than 21 years of research and teaching experience in various domains of biotechnology. His area of expertise includes stem cell technology and neuroscience. He has written numerous articles in various national and international journals in the areas of neuroscience, neuropharmcology, and stem cell biology, and has been an editorial board member of the EC Microbiology and MOJ Immunology scientific journals.