Biomaterials A Basic Introduction

Explores Biomedical Science from a Unique Perspective Biomaterials: A Basic Introduction is a definitive resource for students entering biomedical or bioengineering disciplines. This text offers a detailed exploration of engineering and materials science, and examines the boundary and relationship between the two. Based on the author’s course lecture notes and many years of research, it presents students with the knowledge needed to select and design biomaterials used in medical devices. Placing special emphasis on metallic, ceramic, polymeric, and composite biomaterials, it explains the difference between materials science and materials engineering, introduces basic concepts and principles, and analyzes the critically important properties of biomaterials. Explains Complex Theories Using Aspects of Daily Life This text provides an appropriate balance between depth and broadness of coverage, and offers an understanding of the most important concepts and principles to students from a wide academic spectrum. It delivers the science of biomaterials in laymen terms, from a material standpoint, as well as a clinical applications point of view. It equips students majoring in materials science/engineering with knowledge on the fundamentals of how biomaterials behave at a biological level, and provides students majoring in medicine with information that is generally unavailable in traditional medical courses. The authors incorporate learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter, as well as chapter highlights, problems, and exercises at the end of each chapter. In addition, they present objectives, suggested activities, and reference material for further reading. Contains an overview of medical science vis-à-vis materials science, describes anatomy, histology, and cell biology Highlights health issues and diseases where biomaterials can easily find medical applications Presents knowledge of the relationship between the biomaterials and the living body Evaluates medical devices and looks into their respective regulations Biomaterials: A Basic Introduction contains an overview of basic biomaterials and concepts, and is written for upper-division students in the US/Canada, and second-level students in universities worldwide.

Part I Biomaterials Science Biomaterials Science and Engineering Learning Objectives Materials Science and Engineering Multilevels of Structure and Categorization of Materials Four Categories of Materials Definitions of Biomaterials, Biomedical Materials, and Biological Materials Biocompatibility Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Toxicity and Corrosion Learning Objectives Elements in the Body Biological Roles and Toxicities of Trace Elements Selection of Metallic Elements in Medical-Grade Alloys Corrosion of Metals Environment inside the Body Minimization of Toxicity of Metal Implants Chapter Highlights Laboratory Practice 1 Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Advanced Topic: Biological Roles of Alloying Elements Bibliography Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials Learning Objectives Role of Implant Biomaterials Mechanical Properties of General Importance Hardness Elasticity: Resilience and Strechability Mechanical Properties Terms Used in the Medical Community Failure Essential Mechanical Properties of Orthopedic Implant Biomaterials Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Metallic Biomaterials in Orthopedic Implants Learning Objectives Development of Metallic Biomaterials Stainless Steels Cobalt-Based Alloys Titanium Alloys Comparison of Stainless Steels, Cobalt, and Titanium Alloys Summary and Remarks Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Metallic Biomaterials: Miscellaneous Others Learning Objectives Dental Materials NiTi Shape-Memory Alloys Other Clinically Applied Metallic Materials New Metallic Materials: Magnesium Alloys Chapter Highlights Laboratory Practice 2 Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Bioinert Ceramics Learning Objectives Overview of Bioceramics Inert Bioceramics: Al2O3 Inert Bioceramics: ZrO2 Two Types of Joints Summary and Remarks on Al2O3 and ZrO2 Dental Ceramics Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Advanced Topic: Total Joint Replacement Bibliography Bioactive and Bioresorbable Ceramics Learning Objectives Overview of Surface Bioactive and Bulk Degradable Ceramics Calcium Phosphates and Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Glasses Bioactive Glass-Ceramics Bone-Bonding Mechanisms Biodegradable Ceramics Chapter Highlights Laboratory Practice 3 Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Advanced Topic: Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Bibliography Polymeric Biomaterials: Fundamentals Learning Objectives Basic Concepts on Polymers Overview of Polymeric Biomaterials Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Advanced Topic: Polymers and Polymer Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering Bibliography Bioinert Polymers Learning Objectives Polyolefin Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Acrylate Polymer Fluorocarbon Polymers Silicone Polyurethane Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Advanced Topic: Properties and Applications of Polyurethane as Biomaterials Bibliography Bioresorbable Polymers Learning Objectives Biodegradation of Polymers Polyesters: PGA, PLA, and PCL Polyesters: PHA Elastomeric Polyester: Poly(Polyol Sebacate) Polyether: Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Polyamide Surface-Erodible Polymers Biological Polymers Chapter Highlights Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Laboratory Practice 4 Advanced Topic: Natural Polymers: Resilin, Silk, and Gluten Bibliography Composite Biomaterials Learning Objectives Overview of Composites Natural Composites: Bone Dental Composites Artificial Bone Chapter Highlights Laboratory Practice 5 Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Advanced Topic: Development of Artificial Bone: Composites and Scaffolds Bibliography Part II Medical Science Medicine and Medical Science Learning Objectives Medicine and Medical Science Medical Science versus Materials Science Learning Goals of Part II Chapter Highlights Activity Bibliography Image Links Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Human Anatomy And Diseases I: Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, and Endocrine Systems Learning Objectives Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Nervous System Endocrine System Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Advanced Topic: Biomaterial Challenges in Bone Tissue Engineering Bibliography Human Anatomy And Diseases II: Cardiovascular System Learning Objectives Anatomy and Functions of the Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Disease Cardiac Performance: P–V Loop Current Therapies for Heart Disease Alternative Treatments and Application of Biomaterials Artificial Blood Vessels Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Human Anatomy And Diseases III: Respiratory, Lymphatic, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive Systems Learning Objectives Respiratory System Lymphatic System Digestive System Urinary System Reproductive System Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Cells and Biomolecules Learning Objectives Introduction Cell Biochemistry and Biosynthesis Cell Structure Transport across Plasma Membranes Cell Proliferation Cell Differentiation and Stem Cells Chapter Highlights Activities Advanced Topic: Cell Therapy to Treat Cardiac Disease Strategies to Address Immune Rejection in Cells Summary of Cell-Based Therapies and Their Limitations Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Histology and Tissue Properties I: Epithelial, Neuronal, and Muscle Tissue Learning Objectives Introduction Epithelium Muscular Tissue Nervous Tissue Chapter Highlights Activities Advanced Topic: Properties of Proteins in Mammalian Tissues Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Histology and Tissue Properties II: Connective Tissues Learning Objectives Overview of Connective Tissues Types of Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper (Skin, Tendon, Ligament) Mechanical Properties of Structural Proteins Cartilage Bone Chapter Highlights Laboratory Practice 6 Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Immune System and Body Responses to Biomaterials Learning Objectives Immune System Tissue Response to Injuries Body Response to Implants Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Evaluation of Biomaterials Learning Objectives Overview of Biomaterials Evaluation Standards Toxicological Evaluation Cytotoxicity Testing Evaluation in Animals Chapter Highlights Laboratory Practice 7 Case Study: Evaluation of Heart Patch in Rats Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Regulation of Medical Devices Learning Objectives Regulations versus Standards Medical Devices Preclinical Testing Clinical Trials Development of Medical Devices and Possible Career Opportunities Chapter Highlights Activities Simple Questions in Class Problems and Exercises Bibliography Index

Qi-Zhi Chen earned her PhD in biomaterials from Imperial College London in 2007. She was previously an academic at Monash University. She was also formerly with the National Heart and Lung Institute London and the University of Cambridge. She has produced more than 100 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. Dr. Chen’s research interests broadly cover polymeric, ceramic, metallic, and composite biomaterials for application in biomedical engineering. Her teaching interests include physics and various topics of materials science and engineering, in addition to biomaterials. George Thouas graduated with a master’s degree in biomedical sciences at Monash University, Melbourne, where he also earned his PhD in the same area in 2006. As an academic researcher, he specialized in developmental biology and reproductivemedicine, with a focus on cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function. He has also spent a major part of his career working in bioengineering research, enabling interdisciplinary projects in bioreactor design, medical devices, and novel biomaterials, with applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. Dr. Thouas has produced more than 50 publications, including peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, patents, and conference proceedings.